White Spots on Nails (Leukonychia): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of white spots on the nails (leukonychia)?

White spots on nails, known as leukonychia, can manifest with various symptoms depending on the underlying cause. Common symptoms include:

• White Spots: Small, white, non-opaque spots or streaks on the nails.
• White Bands: Horizontal white bands or lines across the nails.
• Discoloration: Entire nails or portions of nails appearing white.
• Texture Changes: Possible changes in nail texture, such as ridges or bumps.

Leukonychia is usually benign and can result from minor trauma or injury to the nail matrix. However, persistent or widespread white spots may sometimes indicate underlying health conditions or nutritional deficiencies.

What are the causes of white spots on the nails?

White spots on nails, or leukonychia, can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Minor Trauma: Injury or trauma to the nail matrix can cause white spots. This is the most common cause and often results from accidental knocks or pressure on the nails.
• Nutritional Deficiencies: Deficiencies in certain nutrients, such as zinc or calcium, can lead to white spots on the nails.
• Allergic Reactions: Allergies to nail polish or nail hardeners can sometimes cause white spots as a reaction.
• Fungal Infections: Certain fungal infections can lead to discoloration or spots on the nails.
• Systemic Illnesses: Conditions like psoriasis, eczema, or other systemic diseases may cause white spots as part of broader skin changes.
• Genetic Factors: Some forms of leukonychia are hereditary and may not be linked to any specific external cause.
• Chemical Exposure: Prolonged exposure to chemicals or harsh cleaning agents can affect the nails, potentially leading to white spots.

If the white spots persist or are accompanied by other symptoms, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

What is the treatment for white spots on the nails?

The treatment for white spots on the nails typically depends on the underlying cause. Here are some common approaches:

• Minor Trauma: If white spots are due to trauma, they usually resolve on their own as the nail grows out. Avoid further injury to the affected nail.
• Nutritional Deficiencies: Addressing nutritional deficiencies can help. Ensure a balanced diet rich in essential nutrients like zinc and calcium. In some cases, supplements may be recommended.
• Allergic Reactions: If the spots are caused by an allergic reaction to nail products, discontinue use of the offending product. Switching to hypoallergenic or less irritating products may help.
• Fungal Infections: If a fungal infection is suspected, antifungal treatments, either topical or oral, may be necessary. Consult a healthcare provider for appropriate medications.
• Systemic Illnesses: If white spots are associated with a systemic condition like psoriasis or eczema, treating the underlying condition with appropriate medications and therapies can help manage the symptoms.
• Chemical Exposure: Reducing exposure to harsh chemicals and using protective gloves during cleaning or chemical handling can prevent further damage.

For persistent or concerning cases, or if the white spots are accompanied by other symptoms, it’s best to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.