Tinea Capitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of tinea capitis?

Tinea capitis, a fungal infection of the scalp, presents with several symptoms, which can vary depending on the severity of the infection:

• Scaly Patches: The scalp may develop scaly, flaky patches that can be red or inflamed.
• Itching: The affected areas often itch, causing discomfort.
• Hair Loss: The infection can lead to hair loss or breakage in the affected areas, sometimes resulting in bald spots.
• Dandruff-like Flakes: The scalp may produce dandruff-like flakes or scales.
• Black Dots: In some cases, tiny black dots may appear on the scalp, representing broken-off hair shafts.
• Swelling and Tenderness: The affected areas can become swollen, tender, and sometimes painful.
• Abscesses: Severe cases may develop into painful, pus-filled abscesses called kerions.

Tinea capitis is caused by dermatophyte fungi and can spread through direct contact with infected individuals, animals, or contaminated items like combs and hats.

What are the causes of tinea capitis?

Tinea capitis is caused by dermatophyte fungi, specifically species that infect the scalp and hair. The primary causes and contributing factors include:

• Direct Contact: Close contact with an infected person or animal can spread the fungi. This includes touching the infected area or sharing personal items.
• Contaminated Objects: Using or sharing contaminated items such as combs, hats, pillowcases, or towels can transmit the infection.
• Infected Animals: Animals, particularly cats and dogs, can carry the fungi that cause tinea capitis. Contact with infected pets or animals can lead to infection.
• Poor Hygiene: Insufficient hair and scalp hygiene can create an environment where fungi thrive, increasing the risk of infection.
• Warm, Moist Environments: Fungi thrive in warm, moist conditions. Environments that promote sweating or humidity can facilitate fungal growth.
• Weakened Immune System: Individuals with compromised immune systems such as those with HIV/AIDS or other underlying health conditions may be more susceptible to fungal infections.

Proper hygiene, avoiding contact with infected individuals or animals, and not sharing personal items can help reduce the risk of tinea capitis.

What is the treatment for tinea capitis?

Treatment for tinea capitis typically involves a combination of antifungal medications and supportive care. The approach includes:

• Oral Antifungal Medications: Prescription oral antifungal drugs are the primary treatment for tinea capitis. Commonly used medications include terbinafine, itraconazole, and griseofulvin. These medications help eliminate the fungal infection from the scalp and are generally taken for several weeks.
• Topical Antifungal Treatments: While oral medications are usually necessary, topical antifungal treatments such as shampoos containing ketoconazole or selenium sulfide may be used to help reduce fungal spores on the scalp and surrounding areas.
• Good Scalp Hygiene: Maintaining proper hygiene by washing the scalp regularly with antifungal shampoo can help reduce the fungal load and prevent spreading the infection. Avoiding sharing personal items such as combs, hats, and towels is also important.
• Treatment of Secondary Infections: If secondary bacterial infections develop, antibiotics may be prescribed to address those issues.
• Regular Follow-Up: Follow-up visits with a healthcare provider may be needed to monitor the progress of treatment and ensure the infection is fully resolved.

It’s important to adhere to the prescribed treatment regimen and hygiene practices to effectively manage tinea capitis and prevent recurrence or spreading to others.