Swollen Testicles (Scrotal Swelling): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of swollen testicles?

Swollen testicles can present with several symptoms, including:

• Visible Swelling: One or both testicles may appear enlarged or swollen.
• Pain or Discomfort: The swollen area may be painful or tender to the touch. The pain may be sharp, aching, or throbbing.
• Heaviness: A feeling of heaviness or fullness in the scrotum may be present.
• Redness or Warmth: The skin over the swollen testicle might appear red or feel warm to the touch.
• Change in Shape or Consistency: The testicle may feel abnormal in shape or consistency, sometimes feeling firmer or softer than usual.
• Swelling of the Scrotum: The entire scrotum might be swollen, not just the testicles.
• Discomfort During Activity: Physical activities or pressure might exacerbate the discomfort or pain.
• Tenderness: The swollen testicle or scrotum may be sensitive or tender.
• Associated Symptoms: Other symptoms that may accompany swollen testicles include nausea and vomiting, fever, or urinary symptoms such as pain or difficulty urinating.

If you experience these symptoms, especially if they are sudden or severe, it is important to seek medical attention promptly to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment.

What are the causes of swollen testicles?

Swollen testicles can be caused by a variety of conditions, including:

• Infections:
• Orchitis: Inflammation of the testicles, often due to viral infections like mumps or bacterial infections.
• Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis (the tube at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm), commonly caused by bacterial infections, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia or gonorrhea.
• Trauma or Injury: Physical injury to the testicles or scrotum can lead to swelling and pain.
• Testicular Torsion: A condition where the testicle twists around the spermatic cord, cutting off its blood supply. This is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.
• Hydrocele: Accumulation of fluid in the sac surrounding the testicle, causing swelling. This is usually painless but can become uncomfortable.
• Varicocele: Enlargement of veins within the scrotum (similar to varicose veins) that can cause swelling and discomfort.
• Hernia: An inguinal hernia occurs when part of the intestine pushes through the abdominal wall or into the inguinal canal in the groin, which can lead to swelling in the scrotum.
• Tumors: Testicular cancer or benign tumors can cause swelling in one or both testicles.
• Abscess: A localized collection of pus caused by bacterial infections can result in swelling and pain.
• Spermatocele: A cyst that forms in the epididymis and contains sperm. It can cause swelling and discomfort.
• Inflammatory Conditions: Conditions like autoimmune diseases can cause inflammation and swelling in the testicles.
• Testicular Atrophy: Shrinkage of the testicle, sometimes accompanied by swelling, which can be due to hormonal imbalances or other underlying issues.
• Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Infections like chlamydia or gonorrhea can lead to inflammation and swelling of the testicles.
• Epididymal Cysts: Fluid-filled cysts that form in the epididymis and may cause swelling.

If you experience swelling of the testicles, especially if it’s sudden, severe, or accompanied by other symptoms like severe pain, fever, or nausea, it’s important to seek medical attention for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

What is the treatment for swollen testicles?

The treatment for swollen testicles depends on the underlying cause, but common approaches include:

• Medications:
• Antibiotics: If the swelling is due to a bacterial infection, such as epididymitis or orchitis, antibiotics will be prescribed to target the infection.
• Antiviral or Antifungal Medications: If the swelling is due to a viral or fungal infection, appropriate antiviral or antifungal treatments may be used.
• Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help alleviate pain and reduce swelling.
• Rest and Support:
• Scrotal Support: Wearing supportive underwear or a scrotal support can reduce discomfort and provide support to the affected area.
• Cold Compresses: Applying a cold pack to the swollen testicle can help reduce swelling and alleviate pain. Ensure to use a cloth or towel between the cold pack and the skin to prevent frostbite.
• Hydrocele Management: If a hydrocele is the cause, it may be monitored if it’s not causing significant symptoms. In cases where it causes discomfort or complications, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the fluid.
• Surgery:
• Testicular Torsion: This is a medical emergency requiring immediate surgical intervention to untwist the testicle and restore blood flow.
• Hernia Repair: Surgical repair of an inguinal hernia might be necessary if it’s causing the swelling.
• Varicocele Repair: If a varicocele is causing significant symptoms, surgical or minimally invasive procedures may be performed to correct the vein enlargement.
• Tumor Treatment: If the swelling is due to testicular cancer, treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy, depending on the type and stage of cancer.
• Abscess Drainage: If an abscess is present, it may need to be drained surgically or with a needle to relieve swelling and pain.
• Follow-Up Care: Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is important to monitor the condition and ensure that the treatment is effective.

It’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan if you experience swollen testicles, especially if the symptoms are severe or persistent.