Lordosis (Swayback): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of lordosis?

Lordosis, also known as swayback or hollow back, is a condition where the spine curves inward, resulting in an abnormal curvature of the lower back. The symptoms of lordosis can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but common symptoms include:

1. Back pain: Lordosis can cause pain in the lower back, hips, and buttocks due to the altered spinal alignment and strain on surrounding muscles.
2. Muscle strain: The muscles in the lower back and abdomen may become strained due to the abnormal curvature, leading to muscle spasms, stiffness, and weakness.
3. Posture changes: People with lordosis may develop an abnormal posture, including leaning forward or arching their back to compensate for the curvature.
4. Limited mobility: Lordosis can limit range of motion and flexibility in the spine, making it difficult to bend, twist, or lift heavy objects.
5. Sciatica: In severe cases, lordosis can compress the sciatic nerve, causing pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs.
6. Numbness or tingling: The abnormal curvature can compress nerves in the spine, leading to numbness or tingling sensations in the arms or legs.
7. Difficulty breathing: In severe cases of lordosis, the diaphragm may be compressed by the abnormal curvature of the spine, making breathing more difficult.
8. Fatigue: Lordosis can cause fatigue due to the constant strain on the muscles and joints.
9. Digestive issues: Abdominal organs may become compressed or irritated by the abnormal curvature, leading to digestive issues such as constipation, bloating, or abdominal pain.
10. Emotional distress: Lordosis can affect a person’s self-esteem and confidence due to changes in posture and appearance.

It’s essential to note that not everyone with lordosis will experience all of these symptoms, and some people may have mild cases with minimal symptoms. If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms or concerns about your posture or back health, consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

What are the causes of lordosis?

Lordosis, also known as swayback or hollow back, is a condition where the spine curves inward, resulting in an abnormal curvature of the lower back. The causes of lordosis can be varied and multifactorial, including:

1. Genetics: Lordosis can be inherited, and some people may be more prone to developing the condition due to their genetic makeup.
2. Muscle imbalances: Weak or tight muscles in the back, hips, and glutes can contribute to lordosis.
3. Posture: Prolonged periods of sitting or standing in an unnatural position can lead to lordosis.
4. Age: Lordosis can occur naturally with age, especially after menopause or as a result of osteoporosis.
5. Weight gain: Excess weight can put additional strain on the spine, leading to lordosis.
6. Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause ligaments to relax, leading to lordosis.
7. Injury or trauma: A fall or other traumatic event can cause muscle strain or joint instability, leading to lordosis.
8. Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as scoliosis, spondylolisthesis, or spinal stenosis, can contribute to lordosis.
9. Poor footwear: Wearing shoes that are too tight or don’t fit properly can lead to muscle imbalances and contribute to lordosis.
10. Activities: Repeatedly performing activities that involve heavy lifting, bending, or twisting can put strain on the spine and contribute to lordosis.
11. Muscle weakness: Weakness in the core muscles can lead to poor posture and contribute to lordosis.
12. Herniated discs: A herniated disc in the lower back can cause muscle spasms and strain, leading to lordosis.
13. Spinal osteoporosis: Osteoporosis in the spine can weaken the bones and lead to lordosis.

It’s essential to note that many cases of lordosis are caused by a combination of these factors rather than a single cause. If you’re experiencing symptoms of lordosis, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

How is the diagnosis of lordosis made?

The diagnosis of lordosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging studies. Here are the steps involved in diagnosing lordosis:

1. Physical examination: A healthcare provider will perform a physical examination to assess the patient’s posture, flexibility, and range of motion. They will also look for signs of muscle imbalances, joint instability, and spinal curvature.
2. Medical history: The patient’s medical history is taken to identify any underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to the lordosis, such as scoliosis, spondylolisthesis, or spinal stenosis.
3. Imaging studies: Imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans are used to visualize the spine and confirm the diagnosis of lordosis. These studies can help identify any underlying conditions that may be contributing to the lordosis.
4. Goniometry: Goniometry is a measure of joint movement and flexibility. It is used to assess the range of motion in the spine and identify any limitations in movement.
5. Postural analysis: Postural analysis is a technique used to assess the patient’s posture and identify any deviations from normal alignment.
6. Muscle testing: Muscle testing is used to assess the strength and function of the muscles in the back, hips, and glutes.
7. Functional assessment: A functional assessment is performed to evaluate the patient’s ability to perform daily activities and identify any limitations or restrictions.

The American Society of Spine Radiology (ASSR) has established criteria for diagnosing lordosis based on the following criteria:

• A curvature of 10 degrees or more in the lumbar spine
• A Cobb angle of 10 degrees or more between the inferior endplate of L5 and the superior endplate of S1
• A curvature that is progressive or worsening over time

If the diagnosis of lordosis is confirmed, further testing may be necessary to determine the underlying cause of the condition and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

What is the treatment for lordosis?

The treatment for lordosis typically involves a combination of conservative and surgical approaches, depending on the severity and cause of the condition. Here are some common treatments for lordosis:

Conservative Treatments:

1. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help improve posture, strength, and flexibility in the muscles of the back, hips, and glutes.
2. Exercise and stretching: Exercises and stretches can help improve flexibility and reduce muscle tension in the affected area.
3. Bracing: Bracing can help support the spine and reduce symptoms such as pain and stiffness.
4. Medication: Medications such as pain relievers, muscle relaxants, and anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed to help manage symptoms.
5. Chiropractic care: Chiropractic care may help improve spinal alignment and reduce symptoms.
6. Massage therapy: Massage therapy can help relax tense muscles and improve blood flow to the affected area.

Surgical Treatments:

1. Spinal fusion: Spinal fusion involves fusing two or more vertebrae together to stabilize the spine and reduce curvature.
2. Spinal osteotomy: Spinal osteotomy involves cutting the bone to realign the spine and reduce curvature.
3. Lordotic reduction surgery: This procedure involves surgically reducing the curvature of the spine to improve alignment.
4. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF): PLIF involves inserting a device between the vertebrae to stabilize the spine and reduce curvature.

Rehabilitation:

1. Physical therapy: After surgery, physical therapy is often necessary to help patients regain strength, flexibility, and range of motion.
2. Pain management: Patients may need pain management strategies to help manage discomfort after surgery.
3. Follow-up care: Regular follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider are necessary to monitor progress and adjust treatment as needed.

It’s essential to note that not everyone with lordosis will require surgery, and many people can be managed with conservative treatments alone. A healthcare provider will determine the best course of treatment based on the individual’s specific needs and condition.