High Arch Feet: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of high arch feet?

High arch feet, also known as cavus foot, are characterized by a higher than normal arch height, which can cause a range of symptoms. The symptoms of high arch feet may include:

1. Pain: Pain or discomfort in the arch, ankle, or heel, especially during weight-bearing activities like walking, running, or standing.
2. Fatigue: Fatigue in the feet, legs, and lower back due to the constant strain of trying to compensate for the high arch.
3. Inflammation: Redness, swelling, and inflammation in the arch and surrounding areas.
4. Limited ankle mobility: Restricted movement in the ankle joint due to the high arch.
5. Overpronation or supination: High arches can cause excessive pronation (rolling inward) or supination (rolling outward) of the foot, leading to poor foot mechanics and potentially causing problems in the ankles, knees, and hips.
6. Calluses or corns: Pressure on specific areas of the foot can cause calluses or corns to form.
7. Numbness or tingling: Compression of nerves in the foot can cause numbness or tingling sensations.
8. Difficulty with shoe fitting: High arches can make it challenging to find shoes that fit comfortably and provide adequate support.
9. Increased risk of injury: High arches can increase the risk of injury to the ankles, legs, and lower back due to poor biomechanics and increased stress on these areas.

It’s essential to note that high arch feet can also be asymptomatic, meaning that individuals may not experience any noticeable symptoms despite having a high arch.

Some people may experience symptoms as a result of related conditions, such as:

• Cavovarus deformity: A condition characterized by a combination of high arches and claw toes.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: A genetic disorder that affects nerve function and can cause muscle weakness, atrophy, and high arches.
• Tarsal tunnel syndrome: Compression of the posterior tibial nerve in the ankle can cause pain, numbness, and tingling in the foot.

If you’re experiencing symptoms related to high arch feet, it’s recommended to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

What are the causes of high arch feet?

High arch feet, also known as cavus feet, can be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Here are some of the common causes:

1. Genetics: Inheritance plays a significant role in the development of high arch feet. If your parents or grandparents had high arches, you may be more likely to have them too.
2. Rheumatoid arthritis: This autoimmune disease can cause inflammation and stiffness in the joints, leading to changes in the shape and height of the arch.
3. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: A genetic disorder that affects nerve function and can cause muscle weakness, atrophy, and high arches.
4. Cavovarus deformity: A condition characterized by a combination of high arches and claw toes.
5. Tarsal coalition: A congenital condition where two or more bones in the foot fuse together, leading to abnormal foot mechanics and high arches.
6. Trauma or injury: A severe ankle sprain or other trauma to the foot can cause the ligaments to become tight, leading to a high arch.
7. Overuse or repetitive stress: Repeated stress or overuse on the foot, such as from running or dancing, can cause the muscles and ligaments to become tight and lead to a high arch.
8. Poor foot mechanics: Abnormalities in foot mechanics, such as overpronation or supination, can cause strain on the muscles and ligaments, leading to a high arch.
9. Muscle imbalances: Weakness or tightness in certain muscles can cause poor foot mechanics and lead to a high arch.
10. Nutritional deficiencies: Deficiencies in nutrients such as vitamin B12 or calcium can affect bone development and lead to changes in the shape and height of the arch.
11. Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy or menopause can cause changes in the shape and height of the arch.

It’s essential to note that many people with high arch feet may not experience any noticeable symptoms, while others may experience pain, discomfort, or difficulty with shoe fitting.

If you’re concerned about your foot health or suspect you may have high arch feet, consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

How is the diagnosis of high arch feet made?

The diagnosis of high arch feet, also known as cavus feet, is typically made through a combination of visual examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests. Here are the steps involved in diagnosing high arch feet:

1. Visual Examination: A healthcare professional will visually examine the foot to assess the shape and height of the arch. They will look for signs of:
   • Increased arch height
   • Reduced arch flexibility
   • Abnormal alignment of the toes or heel
2. Medical History: The healthcare professional will ask questions about your medical history, including:
   • Family history of high arch feet
   • Presence of other foot-related conditions, such as hammertoes or bunions
   • Any previous injuries or trauma to the foot
   • Symptoms of pain, discomfort, or difficulty with shoe fitting
3. Diagnostic Tests: The healthcare professional may conduct diagnostic tests to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the condition. These tests may include:
   • Standing and walking analysis: The healthcare professional will observe how you stand and walk to assess your gait and foot mechanics.
   • Weight-bearing radiographs: X-rays taken while you’re standing can help assess the shape and alignment of the foot bones.
   • Computed tomography (CT) scan: A CT scan can provide detailed images of the foot bones and soft tissues to help diagnose conditions that may contribute to high arch feet.
   • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): An MRI can help diagnose conditions that affect the soft tissues, such as nerve compression or inflammation.
4. Gait Analysis: A gait analysis can help identify abnormalities in your walking pattern that may be contributing to high arch feet. This test involves walking on a treadmill or walkway while a healthcare professional observes your gait.
5. Biomechanical Analysis: A biomechanical analysis involves assessing the movement and alignment of your foot, ankle, and leg bones during weight-bearing activities. This can help identify any abnormal movements or alignments that may be contributing to high arch feet.

By combining these diagnostic tests and examinations, a healthcare professional can accurately diagnose high arch feet and develop an appropriate treatment plan to address any associated symptoms or underlying conditions.

What is the treatment for high arch feet?

Treatment for high arch feet, also known as pes cavus, typically depends on the severity of symptoms and underlying causes. Here are some common approaches:

1. Orthotics: Custom-made shoe inserts (orthotics) can help support the arch and provide cushioning to alleviate discomfort and improve alignment.
2. Stretching and Strengthening Exercises: Physical therapy exercises can help stretch tight muscles and strengthen weaker ones, improving foot function and reducing pain.
3. Footwear Modifications: Wearing supportive shoes with a wide toe box and good arch support can help distribute pressure more evenly across the foot.
4. Bracing: In severe cases, ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) or braces may be recommended to stabilize the foot and ankle.
5. Medication: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce inflammation and pain associated with high arches.
6. Surgery: In rare cases where conservative measures fail or there are structural issues causing pain, surgical intervention may be considered to correct deformities or release tight structures.
7. Management of Underlying Conditions: If high arches are caused by a neurological condition or other systemic issue, addressing the underlying condition is crucial.

It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider or a podiatrist for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan based on individual needs and the specific characteristics of the high arch feet.