Dislocated Elbow: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of a dislocated elbow?

A dislocated elbow occurs when the bones that make up the elbow joint are forced out of alignment. This type of injury is often caused by a fall onto an outstretched arm or a direct blow to the elbow. Symptoms of a dislocated elbow can include:

1. Pain: The most common symptom of a dislocated elbow is severe pain in the elbow joint. The pain may be sudden and intense, especially at the time of injury.
2. Swelling: The elbow may become swollen due to inflammation of the tissues around the joint.
3. Bruising: There may be bruising around the elbow joint, especially if the injury was caused by a direct blow.
4. Visible Deformity: In some cases, the dislocation may cause a visible deformity of the elbow joint, such as a bulge or a gap where the bones are out of alignment.
5. Limited Range of Motion: A dislocated elbow can cause limited range of motion in the affected arm. You may not be able to fully bend or straighten your elbow.
6. Numbness or Tingling: Some people may experience numbness or tingling in the hand or fingers, which can occur due to nerve compression or damage.
7. Weakness: Weakness in the affected arm may occur, making it difficult to grip or hold objects.

It’s important to seek medical attention if you suspect a dislocated elbow, as this injury requires prompt treatment to realign the joint and prevent further damage.

What are the causes of a dislocated elbow?

A dislocated elbow occurs when the bones that make up the elbow joint are forced out of their normal positions. This type of injury is often caused by:

1. Falling: Falling onto an outstretched arm can cause a dislocated elbow, especially if the impact is significant.
2. Direct Blow: A direct blow to the elbow, such as from a fall or a collision during sports, can force the bones out of alignment.
3. Trauma: Any traumatic event that puts excessive force on the elbow joint, such as a car accident or a sports injury, can cause a dislocation.
4. Twisting: Twisting the arm in an unnatural way, such as during a fall or while trying to break a fall, can also cause a dislocated elbow.
5. Repetitive Strain: Overuse or repetitive strain on the elbow joint, such as in certain sports or occupations, can increase the risk of a dislocation.
6. Congenital Conditions: In some cases, congenital conditions or abnormalities of the elbow joint can increase the risk of dislocation.

What is the treatment for a dislocated elbow?

The treatment for a dislocated elbow typically involves reducing (relocating) the elbow joint back into place and then immobilizing the joint to allow it to heal. Here’s an overview of the treatment process:

1. Reduction: The first step in treating a dislocated elbow is to reduce the joint, which involves manipulating the bones back into their normal positions. This is usually done in a hospital or emergency room setting by a healthcare provider. Sedation or anesthesia may be used to help relax the muscles and reduce pain during the procedure.
2. Immobilization: After the elbow is reduced, it is important to immobilize the joint to allow the surrounding tissues to heal. This may involve using a splint, sling, or brace to restrict movement of the elbow. The length of time the elbow needs to be immobilized depends on the severity of the dislocation and the extent of the injury.
3. Rest and Ice: Resting the elbow and applying ice to the area can help reduce pain and swelling. Ice should be applied for 15-20 minutes at a time, several times a day.
4. Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain medications, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, may be recommended to help manage pain and reduce inflammation.
5. Physical Therapy: Once the initial pain and swelling have subsided, physical therapy may be recommended to help restore strength, flexibility, and range of motion in the elbow joint. Physical therapy exercises should be done under the guidance of a healthcare provider to prevent re-injury.
6. Follow-up: It is important to follow up with a healthcare provider after a dislocated elbow to monitor healing and ensure that the joint is functioning properly. X-rays may be taken to assess the alignment of the bones and check for any complications.

In some cases, surgery may be needed to repair damaged ligaments, tendons, or nerves in the elbow joint. This is more common in cases of severe dislocations or when the joint is unstable after reduction. Your healthcare provider will determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on the severity of your injury and your individual needs.