Diastema: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of diastema?

Diastema refers to a gap or space between two teeth, often seen between the upper front teeth. The symptoms of diastema can include:

1. Visible gap: The most obvious symptom is a visible gap or space between two teeth. This is most commonly seen between the upper front teeth, but can occur between any teeth.
2. Cosmetic concerns: Some people may feel self-conscious or unhappy about the appearance of the gap in their teeth.
3. Speech issues: In some cases, a diastema can affect speech, leading to issues such as a lisp or difficulty pronouncing certain sounds.
4. Bite issues: Depending on the location and size of the gap, a diastema may affect the alignment of the teeth and bite, potentially leading to uneven wear on the teeth or other dental issues.
5. Food trapping: Gaps between teeth can sometimes lead to food getting trapped more easily, which can increase the risk of tooth decay and gum disease if not cleaned properly.

While diastema is often a cosmetic concern, it can sometimes have functional implications as well. If you have a diastema and are concerned about its appearance or impact on your dental health, it is a good idea to consult with a dentist or orthodontist for evaluation and potential treatment options.

What are the causes of diastema?

Diastema, the gap between teeth, can be caused by several factors. Here are some common causes:

1. Genetics: Some people inherit a tendency for gaps between their teeth. This can be due to the size and shape of their teeth and jaw, leading to spaces.
2. Disproportionate jaw-tooth size: If the size of the jawbone is too large for the size of the teeth, gaps can occur. Conversely, if the teeth are too small for the jawbone, diastema can also result.
3. Thumb sucking: Persistent thumb sucking in children can exert pressure on the front teeth, pushing them apart and creating gaps.
4. Tongue thrusting: This habit involves pressing the tongue against the front teeth when swallowing, speaking, or at rest. Over time, this pressure can push the teeth apart.
5. Labial frenum issues: The labial frenum is the tissue that connects the upper lip to the gums above the upper front teeth. If this tissue is too large or extends too far down, it can cause a gap between the front teeth.
6. Gum disease: Periodontal (gum) disease can cause inflammation, infection, and loss of the supporting bone around the teeth, leading to gaps as teeth become loose and shift.
7. Tooth loss: Missing teeth can cause the remaining teeth to shift position, potentially creating gaps.
8. Incorrect swallowing reflex: Also known as a tongue thrust, an abnormal swallowing reflex can cause the tongue to push against the teeth, leading to gaps over time.
9. Improper dental habits: Using teeth for tasks other than chewing, such as opening packages, can create spaces between teeth.
10. Certain medical conditions: Conditions like acromegaly (excess growth hormone) can cause changes in the jaw and teeth alignment, potentially leading to diastema.

What is the treatment for diastema?

The treatment for diastema depends on the cause, the location and size of the gap, and the individual’s preferences. Here are some common treatment options:

1. Orthodontic treatment: Braces or clear aligners (such as Invisalign) can gradually move teeth into the correct position, closing the gap. This is a common and effective treatment, especially for larger gaps or gaps caused by misalignment.
2. Dental bonding: In this procedure, a tooth-colored resin is applied to the teeth and shaped to close the gap. This is a relatively simple and cost-effective option for small gaps.
3. Veneers: Thin shells of porcelain or composite material are custom-made and bonded to the front of the teeth to close gaps and improve the appearance of the teeth. Veneers can also address other cosmetic issues, such as discoloration or minor misalignment.
4. Crowns: Dental crowns can be used to close gaps, particularly if the teeth are also damaged or weakened. Crowns cover the entire tooth and can provide a natural-looking result.
5. Frenectomy: If the diastema is caused by a large or low-positioned labial frenum, a surgical procedure called a frenectomy can be performed to remove or reposition the frenum. This is often combined with orthodontic treatment to close the gap.
6. Dental implants or bridges: If a gap is due to missing teeth, dental implants or bridges can be used to replace the missing teeth and close the gap.
7. Behavioral changes: If habits like thumb sucking or tongue thrusting are contributing to the diastema, addressing these behaviors can help prevent the gap from worsening or recurring after treatment.
8. Gum disease treatment: If the gap is caused by gum disease, it is essential to treat the underlying condition. This may involve deep cleaning (scaling and root planing), antibiotics, or surgery to restore gum and bone health. Once the gum disease is under control, additional treatments may be needed to close the gap.

It’s important to consult with a dentist or orthodontist to determine the most appropriate treatment for diastema. The choice of treatment will depend on the individual’s specific situation, including the cause of the gap, the overall health of the teeth and gums, and aesthetic preferences.