Cystic Acne: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of cystic acne?

Cystic acne is a severe form of acne that is characterized by the development of large, inflamed, and painful cysts beneath the skin. Symptoms of cystic acne can include:

1. Large, red, and swollen bumps: Cystic acne lesions are typically larger than typical pimples and can be several millimeters to centimeters in size. They are often painful to the touch.
2. Pus-filled lesions: Cystic acne can produce pus-filled lesions called cysts. These cysts can be deep within the skin and may not come to a head like a typical pimple.
3. Pain and tenderness: Cystic acne lesions are often tender and can be painful, especially when touched or pressed.
4. Inflammation: The affected area may be red, swollen, and warm to the touch due to inflammation.
5. Scarring: Cystic acne lesions can lead to scarring, especially if they are picked or squeezed.
6. Persistence: Cystic acne lesions are often stubborn and may persist for weeks or even months without treatment.

Cystic acne most commonly occurs on the face, but it can also affect the neck, chest, back, and shoulders. It is important to seek treatment for cystic acne, as it can lead to scarring and may have a significant impact on a person’s quality of life. A dermatologist can recommend an appropriate treatment plan based on the severity of the acne.

What are the causes of cystic acne?

Cystic acne is caused by the same factors that contribute to other forms of acne, including:

1. Excess oil production: The skin contains sebaceous glands that produce an oily substance called sebum. Excess sebum can clog pores and contribute to the development of acne.
2. Clogged pores: When the hair follicles or pores become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria, it can lead to the formation of acne lesions.
3. Bacterial overgrowth: The bacterium Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is naturally present on the skin. When pores become clogged, P. acnes can multiply and contribute to inflammation and the development of acne lesions.
4. Inflammation: The immune system’s response to the presence of P. acnes and other factors in the skin can lead to inflammation, which can make acne lesions more red, swollen, and painful.
5. Hormonal factors: Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, or while taking certain medications (e.g., oral contraceptives or corticosteroids), can contribute to the development of acne by increasing sebum production.
6. Genetics: Some people may be more predisposed to developing acne due to genetic factors.

Cystic acne tends to be more severe than other forms of acne because the lesions are deeper within the skin and can be more difficult to treat. It often requires a comprehensive treatment approach that may include topical medications, oral medications, and lifestyle changes. If you are experiencing cystic acne, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.

What is the treatment for cystic acne?

The treatment for cystic acne often involves a combination of medications and skincare practices to reduce inflammation, unclog pores, and prevent new cysts from forming. Some common treatments for cystic acne include:

1. Topical retinoids: Retinoids, such as tretinoin or adapalene, can help unclog pores and reduce inflammation. They are available in prescription and over-the-counter formulations.
2. Topical or oral antibiotics: Antibiotics, such as clindamycin or erythromycin, can help reduce the bacteria associated with acne and decrease inflammation. They are often used in combination with other medications.
3. Oral medications: In severe cases of cystic acne, oral medications such as isotretinoin (Accutane) may be prescribed. Isotretinoin is a powerful medication that reduces sebum production, prevents clogged pores, and can lead to long-term remission of acne. However, it has significant side effects and requires close monitoring by a healthcare provider.
4. Steroid injections: A dermatologist may inject a corticosteroid into large, inflamed cysts to reduce swelling and promote healing.
5. Birth control pills: For women, birth control pills can help regulate hormones that contribute to acne.
6. Lifestyle changes: Practicing good skincare habits, such as gently cleansing the skin twice a day and avoiding harsh products, can help manage acne. Additionally, avoiding picking or squeezing acne lesions can help prevent scarring.
7. Dietary changes: Some studies suggest that certain dietary factors, such as high glycemic index foods or dairy products, may contribute to acne in some individuals. Making dietary changes, such as reducing sugar intake or avoiding dairy, may help improve acne symptoms in some cases.

It’s important to work with a dermatologist to develop a treatment plan tailored to your specific needs and to follow their recommendations closely. Cystic acne can be challenging to treat, but with the right approach, many people can achieve significant improvement in their acne symptoms.