Corns and Calluses: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of corns and calluses?

Corns and calluses are common skin conditions that can cause discomfort and pain. Here are the common symptoms of corns and calluses:

Corns:

• A thick, hard, and yellowish or white patch of skin on the toes, feet, or hands
• A small, circular area of hard skin that can be painful to the touch
• Often occurs on areas of pressure, such as the sides of the toes or the ball of the foot
• May cause pain or discomfort when walking or wearing shoes
• Can be accompanied by redness, swelling, and warmth around the affected area
• May be associated with underlying conditions such as hammertoes, bunions, or poor foot mechanics

Calluses:

• A thick, dry, and rough patch of skin on the feet, hands, or other areas of friction
• Often occurs on areas of repeated pressure or friction, such as the heels, palms, or fingers
• May cause discomfort or pain when touched or pressed
• Can be accompanied by redness, itching, and inflammation around the affected area
• May be associated with underlying conditions such as poor footwear, walking patterns, or occupation-related activities

Common symptoms of both corns and calluses:

• Pain or discomfort when walking or wearing shoes
• Redness and swelling around the affected area
• Dryness and cracking of the skin
• Difficulty fitting into shoes due to swelling or deformity
• Difficulty performing activities that require bending or twisting due to pain or discomfort

It’s important to note that while corns and calluses are often benign, they can also be a sign of an underlying condition that requires medical attention. If you’re experiencing persistent pain, discomfort, or difficulty performing daily activities due to corns or calluses, it’s a good idea to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and treatment.

What are the causes of corns and calluses?

Corns and calluses are caused by repeated pressure or friction on the skin, which can lead to the formation of thick, hard patches of skin. Here are some common causes of corns and calluses:

Corns:

• Poorly fitting shoes or socks that cause pressure on the toes or feet
• Hammertoes or bunions that cause pressure and friction on the skin
• High arches or flat feet that can cause pressure and friction on the skin
• Repeatedly rubbing against a shoe or another object, such as a buckle or strap
• Poor posture or gait that can cause pressure and friction on the skin
• Certain occupations or activities that involve repetitive movements, such as dancing, running, or cycling

Calluses:

• Repeated pressure or friction on the skin, such as from walking, running, or cycling
• Poor footwear or orthotics that can cause pressure and friction on the skin
• Occupations or activities that involve repetitive movements, such as construction work, gardening, or cooking
• Poor posture or gait that can cause pressure and friction on the skin
• Medical conditions such as diabetes, nerve damage, or poor circulation that can affect the skin’s ability to heal and respond to pressure
• Certain medical conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or scleroderma, that can cause changes in the skin’s texture and appearance

Common factors that can contribute to the development of both corns and calluses:

• Aging: As people age, their skin becomes thinner and less elastic, making it more prone to developing corns and calluses.
• Genetics: Some people may be more prone to developing corns and calluses due to their genetic makeup.
• Weight gain: Gaining weight can put additional pressure on the skin, leading to the development of corns and calluses.
• Poor foot mechanics: Abnormalities in the way the foot functions, such as overpronation or supination, can cause pressure and friction on the skin.
• Poor posture: Poor posture can cause pressure and friction on the skin, leading to the development of corns and calluses.

It’s important to note that while some people may be more prone to developing corns and calluses due to their genetic makeup or other factors, these conditions can be managed and treated with proper footwear, orthotics, and lifestyle changes.

What is the treatment for corns and calluses?

The treatment for corns and calluses typically involves a combination of self-care measures, lifestyle changes, and medical treatments. Here are some common treatments for corns and calluses:

Self-Care Measures:

• Wear shoes that fit properly and provide adequate support and cushioning.
• Avoid wearing shoes that are too tight or too loose.
• Use orthotics or arch supports to redistribute pressure and alleviate pressure on the skin.
• Use padding or cushions to reduce pressure and friction on the skin.
• Avoid activities that cause repetitive pressure or friction on the skin.
• Wear shoes with a soft, breathable lining to reduce irritation.
• Use a pumice stone or foot file to gently remove dead skin cells and smooth out the skin.

Lifestyle Changes:

• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on the skin.
• Engage in regular exercise to improve circulation and reduce pressure on the skin.
• Wear shoes with a wide toe box to reduce pressure on the toes.
• Avoid activities that cause repeated pressure or friction on the skin.

Medical Treatments:

• Salicylic acid preparations: Over-the-counter products containing salicylic acid can be used to soften and remove dead skin cells.
• Fungal nail treatments: If the corn or callus is caused by a fungal infection, antifungal medications may be prescribed.
• Corticosteroid injections: Injections of corticosteroids can be used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.
• Topical creams: Topical creams containing urea, hyaluronic acid, or other moisturizing agents can be used to hydrate and soften the skin.
• Surgical removal: In some cases, surgical removal of the corn or callus may be necessary if it is causing pain or discomfort.

Other Treatments:

• Laser therapy: Laser therapy can be used to stimulate collagen production and improve skin elasticity.
• Shockwave therapy: Shockwave therapy can be used to stimulate healing and reduce pain.
• Physical therapy: Physical therapy can be used to improve foot mechanics, reduce pressure on the skin, and promote healing.

Prevention:

• Wearing shoes that fit properly and provide adequate support and cushioning can help prevent corns and calluses.
• Avoiding activities that cause repetitive pressure or friction on the skin can help prevent corns and calluses.
• Maintaining good foot hygiene by washing and drying the feet regularly can help prevent infections that can cause corns and calluses.
• Using moisturizers and emollients on the feet can help keep the skin hydrated and soft, reducing the risk of corns and calluses.

It’s important to note that while self-care measures and lifestyle changes can be effective in managing corns and calluses, medical treatment may be necessary in some cases. If you’re experiencing persistent pain or discomfort due to a corn or callus, it’s best to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment.