Conjunctivitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of conjunctivitis?

Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, clear tissue that lines the inside of the eyelid and covers the white part of the eye. The symptoms of conjunctivitis can vary depending on the cause (viral, bacterial, or allergic), but common symptoms include:

1. Redness in the white of the eye or inner eyelid
2. Increased tearing
3. Itchy eyes
4. A gritty feeling in the eyes
5. A discharge from the eyes that may be yellow, green, or white and can crust over, especially after sleep
6. Sensitivity to light (photophobia)

Viral conjunctivitis often starts in one eye and can then spread to the other eye. Bacterial conjunctivitis typically causes a thick discharge that can crust over the eyelashes. Allergic conjunctivitis is often associated with other allergic symptoms, such as sneezing and a runny nose.

If you suspect you have conjunctivitis, it’s important to see a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment, especially if you have pain in your eyes, blurred vision, or a weakened immune system.

What are the causes of conjunctivitis?

Conjunctivitis can be caused by various factors, including:

1. Viral Infection: Viral conjunctivitis is often caused by the same viruses that are responsible for the common cold. It is highly contagious and can spread through coughing and sneezing, or by touching an infected surface and then touching the eyes.
2. Bacterial Infection: Bacterial conjunctivitis is usually caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae. It can spread through direct contact with an infected person’s eye discharge or by touching contaminated objects.
3. Allergic Reaction: Allergic conjunctivitis is triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or certain medications. It is not contagious and typically affects both eyes.
4. Irritants: Chemicals (e.g., chlorine in swimming pools), smoke, air pollution, and other irritants can cause conjunctivitis.
5. Foreign Bodies: Particles, such as dirt or sand, can irritate the conjunctiva and lead to conjunctivitis.
6. Contact Lenses: Improper use, including wearing lenses for too long or not cleaning them properly, can lead to irritation and infection.

The specific cause of conjunctivitis can often be determined based on the symptoms, medical history, and sometimes laboratory tests or cultures of eye discharge. Treatment varies depending on the cause, so it’s important to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

What is the treatment for conjunctivitis?

Treatment for conjunctivitis depends on the cause. Here are the general approaches:

1. Viral Conjunctivitis: Typically, viral conjunctivitis does not require treatment and resolves on its own within a few days to two weeks. Cold compresses and artificial tears can help relieve symptoms. In some cases, antiviral eye drops may be prescribed if the infection is severe.
2. Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Antibiotic eye drops or ointments are often prescribed to treat bacterial conjunctivitis. It’s important to use the medication as directed and to complete the full course of treatment to prevent recurrence.
3. Allergic Conjunctivitis: Avoiding allergens is key. Antihistamine eye drops or oral antihistamines can help relieve symptoms. In severe cases, steroid eye drops may be prescribed, but these should be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider due to potential side effects.
4. Irritant Conjunctivitis: Avoiding the irritant is important. Rinse the eyes with clean water or saline solution to help flush out the irritant. Artificial tears can help soothe the eyes.
5. Warm Compresses: Regardless of the cause, warm compresses can help relieve discomfort and reduce crusting.
6. Hygiene: Practice good hygiene, such as washing your hands frequently, avoiding touching your eyes, and not sharing towels or pillows.
7. Contact Lens Care: If you wear contact lenses, follow your eye care professional’s instructions on proper lens care and hygiene. In some cases, you may need to temporarily discontinue lens wear until the conjunctivitis resolves.

It’s important to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment, especially if you have severe or persistent symptoms, or if you have other health conditions that may affect your eyes.