Complement 3 Glomerulopathy (C3G): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of complement 3 glomerulopathy?

Complement 3 glomerulopathy (C3 glomerulopathy) is a rare kidney disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of the protein C3 in the glomeruli, which are the filtering units of the kidneys. Symptoms of C3 glomerulopathy can vary widely among individuals and may include:

1. Proteinuria: Excessive protein in the urine, which may cause foamy urine.
2. Hematuria: Blood in the urine, which may make the urine appear pink or cola-colored.
3. Hypertension: High blood pressure, which may be due to kidney damage.
4. Edema: Swelling, typically in the legs, ankles, feet, or around the eyes, due to fluid retention.
5. Fatigue: Feeling tired or lacking energy.
6. Decreased urine output: In severe cases, there may be a decrease in the amount of urine produced.
7. Kidney impairment: C3 glomerulopathy can lead to progressive kidney damage and, in some cases, kidney failure.

It’s important to note that the symptoms of C3 glomerulopathy can be similar to those of other kidney disorders, so a proper diagnosis by a healthcare professional is essential. If you experience any of these symptoms, especially persistent proteinuria or hematuria, you should seek medical attention promptly for further evaluation and management.

What are the causes of complement 3 glomerulopathy?

Complement 3 glomerulopathy (C3 glomerulopathy) is caused by dysregulation of the complement system, which is part of the immune system. The complement system plays a role in the body’s defense against infections and helps to remove damaged cells and foreign substances. In C3 glomerulopathy, there is excessive activation of the complement system, leading to the abnormal deposition of the protein C3 in the glomeruli, which are the filtering units of the kidneys.

The exact cause of complement dysregulation in C3 glomerulopathy is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to genetic and immune system factors. Some possible causes and risk factors include:

1. Genetic mutations: Mutations in genes that encode proteins involved in the complement system have been associated with an increased risk of C3 glomerulopathy. These mutations can lead to abnormal activation or regulation of the complement system.
2. Autoimmune disorders: Some autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or autoimmune forms of kidney disease, may be associated with complement dysregulation and an increased risk of C3 glomerulopathy.
3. Infections: Certain infections, particularly those that can activate the complement system, may trigger or exacerbate C3 glomerulopathy in susceptible individuals.
4. Other factors: Other factors, such as age, gender, and environmental factors, may also play a role in the development of C3 glomerulopathy, but their specific contributions are not well understood.

Overall, C3 glomerulopathy is a complex disorder with a combination of genetic and environmental factors contributing to its development. Further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms of the disease.

What is the treatment for complement 3 glomerulopathy?

The treatment for complement 3 glomerulopathy typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the condition, which is often related to abnormal activation of the complement system. Treatment options may include:

1. Immunosuppressive therapy: Medications that suppress the immune system, such as corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, or rituximab, may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and damage to the kidneys.
2. Plasma exchange or plasma infusion: These procedures involve removing and replacing plasma (the liquid portion of blood) to remove circulating antibodies and other factors that may be contributing to complement system activation.
3. Supportive care: Treatment may also involve managing symptoms and complications of complement 3 glomerulopathy, such as high blood pressure, proteinuria (excess protein in the urine), and kidney failure.

Individual treatment plans may vary depending on the specific details of each case, so it is important to work with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate course of treatment for complement 3 glomerulopathy.