Chordoma: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of chordoma?

Chordoma is a rare type of cancer that typically occurs in the bones of the spine or the base of the skull. The symptoms can vary depending on the location and size of the tumor. Common symptoms may include:

1. Back pain: This is a common symptom, especially if the tumor is in the spine.
2. Headache: If the tumor is located in the base of the skull, it can cause persistent headaches.
3. Neurological symptoms: Such as numbness, tingling, or weakness, especially in the arms or legs, if the tumor is pressing on the spinal cord or nerves.
4. Changes in bowel or bladder function: This can occur if the tumor is affecting the nerves that control these functions.
5. Difficulty swallowing: If the tumor is in the base of the skull, it can press on the throat or esophagus, making swallowing difficult.
6. Problems with balance or coordination: This can occur if the tumor is affecting the brainstem or cerebellum.
7. Vision changes: If the tumor is pressing on the optic nerve or other parts of the visual pathway, it can cause vision problems.
8. Lump or mass: A visible or palpable lump or mass may be present in the affected area.

These symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, so it’s important to see a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis if you experience any of them.

What are the causes of chordoma?

Chordomas are believed to develop from remnants of the notochord, which is a structure in the developing embryo that eventually forms the spine. However, the exact cause of chordoma is not well understood. Some researchers believe that genetic factors may play a role in the development of chordoma, as certain genetic abnormalities have been associated with an increased risk of chordoma.

There are also some theories that suggest environmental factors or exposure to certain substances may contribute to the development of chordoma, but more research is needed to understand these potential risk factors.

Overall, chordoma is considered a rare cancer, and most cases occur sporadically without a clear cause. If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with chordoma, it’s important to work with healthcare providers and specialists to develop an appropriate treatment plan.

What is the treatment for chordoma?

The treatment for chordoma depends on various factors, including the size and location of the tumor, whether it has spread to other parts of the body, and the overall health of the patient. Treatment may involve a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and in some cases, targeted therapy or chemotherapy. Here’s a general overview of the treatment options:

1. Surgery: Surgery is often the main treatment for chordoma, especially if the tumor is localized and can be completely removed. The goal of surgery is to remove as much of the tumor as possible while preserving neurological function and spinal stability.
2. Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy may be used before or after surgery, or as a primary treatment if surgery is not possible. It is used to kill any remaining cancer cells after surgery or to shrink the tumor before surgery to make it easier to remove.
3. Targeted therapy: Some chordomas have been found to have specific genetic mutations that can be targeted with certain drugs. Targeted therapy may be used in cases where the tumor has not responded to other treatments or has come back after treatment.
4. Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is not typically used as a primary treatment for chordoma because these tumors tend to be resistant to chemotherapy. However, it may be used in some cases, especially if the chordoma has spread to other parts of the body.
5. Pain management: Chordomas can cause significant pain, especially if they are pressing on nerves or other sensitive structures. Pain management techniques, such as medications, nerve blocks, or physical therapy, may be used to help manage pain.

The specific treatment plan for chordoma will vary depending on the individual case, and it’s important for patients to work closely with a multidisciplinary team of healthcare providers, including surgeons, oncologists, and other specialists, to develop a personalized treatment plan.

How long do chordoma patients live?

The prognosis for chordoma can vary widely depending on several factors, including the size and location of the tumor, whether it has spread to other parts of the body, and how well it responds to treatment. In general, chordomas are slow-growing tumors, but they can be challenging to treat because of their location and tendency to recur.

Overall, the 5-year survival rate for chordoma is around 70% to 80%, meaning that 70% to 80% of people diagnosed with chordoma are alive 5 years after diagnosis. However, it’s important to note that survival rates are estimates based on data from large groups of people, and individual outcomes can vary.

Some factors that may affect prognosis include:

1. Tumor size and location: Larger tumors or tumors located in critical areas, such as the skull base or spine, may be more difficult to treat and have a poorer prognosis.
2. Extent of spread: Chordomas that have spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs, may have a worse prognosis.
3. Response to treatment: How well the tumor responds to treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy, can also impact prognosis.
4. Age and overall health: Younger, healthier individuals may have a better prognosis than older individuals or those with other health conditions.

It’s important for individuals with chordoma to work closely with their healthcare team to develop a treatment plan and to monitor the tumor closely for any signs of recurrence. Regular follow-up appointments and imaging tests are typically recommended to monitor for recurrence and to manage any long-term side effects of treatment.