Cellulitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of cellulitis?

Cellulitis is a common bacterial skin infection that can affect the deeper layers of the skin and the underlying tissue. It typically appears as a red, swollen, and tender area of skin that may feel warm to the touch. The symptoms of cellulitis can vary depending on the severity and location of the infection, but they often include:

1. Redness: The affected area of skin may appear red or inflamed. The redness may spread as the infection progresses.
2. Swelling: Cellulitis can cause swelling in the affected area, making the skin feel tight and stretched.
3. Tenderness: The skin affected by cellulitis may be tender to the touch, and pressure on the area may cause pain.
4. Warmth: The skin affected by cellulitis may feel warm or hot to the touch, due to the inflammatory response caused by the infection.
5. Pain: Cellulitis can be painful, especially when the affected area is touched or pressure is applied.
6. Fever: In some cases, cellulitis can cause a fever, which may be accompanied by chills and sweating.
7. Blisters or ulcers: In severe cases, cellulitis may cause blisters, ulcers, or areas of skin breakdown.
8. Swollen lymph nodes: Cellulitis can cause the lymph nodes near the affected area to become swollen and tender.
9. Fatigue: Some people with cellulitis may experience fatigue or malaise, especially if the infection is widespread or severe.

It’s important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have cellulitis, as it can lead to serious complications if left untreated.

What are the causes of cellulitis?

Cellulitis is usually caused by bacteria entering the skin through a cut, scrape, or other break in the skin. The most common bacteria that cause cellulitis are Streptococcus pyogenes (also known as group A streptococcus) and Staphylococcus aureus. These bacteria are commonly found on the skin and can enter the body through breaks in the skin, such as cuts, insect bites, or surgical wounds.

Several factors can increase the risk of developing cellulitis, including:

1. Skin injuries: Any break in the skin, such as a cut, scrape, burn, or surgical wound, can provide an entry point for bacteria.
2. Skin conditions: People with certain skin conditions, such as eczema, psoriasis, or athlete’s foot, may be more prone to developing cellulitis because these conditions can cause breaks in the skin.
3. Weakened immune system: Conditions or medications that weaken the immune system, such as HIV/AIDS, cancer treatment, or corticosteroid use, can increase the risk of developing cellulitis.
4. Chronic swelling: Conditions that cause chronic swelling of the arms or legs, such as lymphedema or venous insufficiency, can increase the risk of cellulitis.
5. Intravenous drug use: People who inject drugs intravenously are at increased risk of developing cellulitis due to the risk of introducing bacteria into the bloodstream.
6. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at increased risk of developing cellulitis, especially in the feet, due to poor circulation and nerve damage that can lead to foot injuries.
7. Obesity: Obesity can increase the risk of developing cellulitis, particularly in areas where skin folds create a warm, moist environment that is conducive to bacterial growth.

It’s important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have cellulitis, as it can lead to serious complications if left untreated.

What is the treatment for cellulitis?

Cellulitis is typically treated with antibiotics to clear the bacterial infection and reduce symptoms. The specific treatment approach may vary depending on the severity of the infection, the bacteria involved, and the individual’s overall health. Common treatments for cellulitis include:

1. Oral antibiotics: For mild cases of cellulitis, oral antibiotics are often prescribed. Commonly used antibiotics include penicillin, dicloxacillin, cephalexin, or clindamycin. It’s important to take the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the infection is completely cleared.
2. Intravenous antibiotics: For more severe cases of cellulitis or for infections that have spread, intravenous (IV) antibiotics may be necessary. This is typically done in a hospital setting, where the patient can be closely monitored.
3. Pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be recommended to help reduce pain and fever associated with cellulitis.
4. Elevation: Elevating the affected limb (if the cellulitis is in an arm or leg) can help reduce swelling and improve circulation.
5. Wound care: Keeping the affected area clean and dry can help prevent further infection. If there is a wound or break in the skin, it should be cleaned and covered with a sterile dressing.
6. Rest and hydration: Getting plenty of rest and staying hydrated can help support the body’s immune system as it fights the infection.

In some cases, cellulitis may require drainage of any abscesses or fluid buildup. This may be done using a needle and syringe or through a small incision made by a healthcare provider.

It’s important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have cellulitis, as untreated cellulitis can lead to serious complications, including blood infections (sepsis) and tissue damage. Prompt treatment with antibiotics is usually effective in clearing the infection and preventing complications.