Bladder Inflammation (Cystitis): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of bladder inflammation?

Bladder inflammation, also known as cystitis, is often caused by a bacterial infection and can result in the following symptoms:

1. Pain or burning sensation: When urinating, you may experience a burning sensation or pain in the urethra or bladder.
2. Increased frequency: You may feel the need to urinate more often than usual, even if you only pass small amounts of urine.
3. Urgency: You may have a sudden, strong urge to urinate that is difficult to control.
4. Blood in the urine: Cystitis can cause the urine to appear pink or red due to the presence of blood.
5. Cloudy or strong-smelling urine: Urine affected by cystitis may appear cloudy and have a strong or foul odor.
6. Discomfort in the pelvic area: You may experience discomfort or pressure in the lower abdomen or pelvic area.
7. Low-grade fever: In some cases, cystitis may be accompanied by a mild fever.

If you experience these symptoms, especially if they persist or are severe, it’s important to see a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.

What are the causes of bladder inflammation?

Bladder inflammation, or cystitis, can have several causes, including:

1. Bacterial infection: The most common cause of cystitis is a bacterial infection, often from Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria that normally live in the colon.
2. Interstitial cystitis: Also known as painful bladder syndrome, this is a chronic condition that causes bladder pain and discomfort.
3. Chemical irritants: Certain substances, such as perfumes, soaps, douches, and feminine hygiene sprays, can irritate the bladder and lead to inflammation.
4. Radiation therapy: People who undergo radiation therapy to the pelvic area may develop bladder inflammation as a side effect.
5. Certain medications: Some medications, such as cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide (used to treat cancer), can irritate the bladder and cause inflammation.
6. Bladder outlet obstruction: Conditions that block the flow of urine out of the bladder, such as bladder stones or an enlarged prostate, can lead to inflammation.
7. Urinary catheters: Using a urinary catheter can increase the risk of developing a urinary tract infection, which can cause bladder inflammation.
8. Other infections: In addition to bacterial infections, viral or fungal infections can also cause bladder inflammation.
9. Sexual activity: For some women, sexual activity can lead to cystitis, known as honeymoon cystitis.

The treatment for bladder inflammation depends on the underlying cause. In cases of bacterial infection, antibiotics are usually prescribed. For other causes, such as interstitial cystitis, treatment may include pain medications, bladder training, dietary changes, and other therapies aimed at managing symptoms.

What is the treatment for bladder inflammation?

The treatment for bladder inflammation, or cystitis, depends on the underlying cause. Here are some common approaches:

1. Antibiotics: If the inflammation is due to a bacterial infection, antibiotics are usually prescribed. It’s important to take the full course of antibiotics as prescribed by your healthcare provider, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished.
2. Pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help alleviate discomfort and reduce inflammation.
3. Increased fluid intake: Drinking plenty of water can help flush out bacteria and irritants from the bladder.
4. Avoiding irritants: Avoiding substances that can irritate the bladder, such as caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods, may help reduce symptoms.
5. Bladder training: For chronic bladder inflammation or interstitial cystitis, bladder training techniques may help improve bladder control and reduce symptoms.
6. Heat therapy: Applying a heating pad to the abdominal area or taking warm baths can help reduce bladder inflammation and alleviate pain.
7. Prescription medications: For interstitial cystitis or chronic bladder inflammation, your healthcare provider may prescribe medications such as pentosan polysulfate sodium (Elmiron), which can help repair the bladder lining and reduce symptoms.
8. Physical therapy: In some cases, physical therapy techniques such as pelvic floor exercises or biofeedback may help improve bladder function and reduce inflammation.

It’s important to see a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment if you suspect you have bladder inflammation. Untreated bladder inflammation can lead to complications such as recurrent infections or damage to the bladder wall.