Bankart Lesion (Glenoid Labrum Tear): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of a Bankart lesion?

A Bankart lesion is an injury to the anterior (front) part of the glenoid labrum of the shoulder. It often occurs with shoulder dislocations. The symptoms of a Bankart lesion can include:

1. Shoulder pain: Pain in the shoulder, especially during movement or after a shoulder dislocation.
2. Shoulder instability: A feeling of looseness or instability in the shoulder joint, which can lead to repeated dislocations or subluxations (partial dislocations).
3. Decreased range of motion: Difficulty moving the shoulder fully in all directions.
4. Weakness: Weakness in the shoulder, making it difficult to perform certain activities, especially those involving lifting or overhead movements.
5. Clicking or popping: A sensation of clicking, popping, or catching in the shoulder during movement.
6. Swelling and bruising: Swelling and bruising around the shoulder, particularly after an initial injury or dislocation.
7. Apprehension test: Feeling apprehensive or worried about the shoulder dislocating during certain movements or positions, often tested clinically with a specific maneuver called the “apprehension test.”

If you suspect you have a Bankart lesion, it’s important to see a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. They may use imaging studies, such as an MRI, to confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of the injury.

What are the causes of a Bankart lesion?

A Bankart lesion is an injury to the anterior (front) part of the glenoid labrum, a ring of cartilage that surrounds the socket of the shoulder joint. This type of injury typically occurs as a result of shoulder instability or dislocation. The primary causes of a Bankart lesion include:

1. Traumatic shoulder dislocation: The most common cause of a Bankart lesion is a traumatic shoulder dislocation, usually resulting from a fall, collision, or other high-impact injury. The force of the dislocation can tear the labrum from the glenoid rim.
2. Recurrent shoulder dislocations: Individuals who have experienced multiple shoulder dislocations are at higher risk of developing a Bankart lesion. Each dislocation can cause further damage to the labrum and surrounding structures, leading to increased instability.
3. Overuse injuries: Repetitive overhead activities, such as those performed in sports like swimming, baseball, tennis, or weightlifting, can put stress on the shoulder joint and contribute to labral tears over time.
4. Congenital factors: Some individuals may be born with anatomical variations that predispose them to shoulder instability and labral injuries. These variations can include a shallow glenoid socket or loose joint capsules.
5. Previous shoulder injuries: A history of shoulder injuries, such as rotator cuff tears or other soft tissue damage, can weaken the shoulder joint and increase the risk of a Bankart lesion.

If you suspect a Bankart lesion, it is important to seek medical evaluation and treatment to address the underlying shoulder instability and prevent further damage.

What is the treatment for a Bankart lesion?

The treatment for a Bankart lesion, an injury to the anterior (front) part of the glenoid labrum of the shoulder, depends on various factors such as the severity of the injury, the patient’s age, activity level, and overall health. Treatment options may include:

1. Conservative (Non-Surgical) Treatment:

• Rest and immobilization: Resting the shoulder and avoiding activities that worsen symptoms, along with the use of a sling to immobilize the shoulder, can help reduce pain and inflammation.
• Physical therapy: A structured physical therapy program focusing on strengthening the shoulder muscles, improving range of motion, and enhancing shoulder stability may be recommended. Specific exercises may target the rotator cuff muscles and scapular stabilizers.
• Activity modification: Limiting or avoiding activities that place stress on the shoulder joint, such as overhead lifting or repetitive throwing motions, can help prevent further injury and promote healing.
• Pain management: Over-the-counter or prescription pain medications, as well as ice therapy, may be used to manage pain and inflammation.

1. Surgical Treatment:

• Arthroscopic repair: For patients with persistent symptoms or recurrent shoulder instability, surgical repair of the Bankart lesion may be recommended. This is typically performed arthroscopically, using small incisions and specialized instruments to repair the torn labrum and stabilize the shoulder joint.
• Capsular shift or reconstruction: In cases of severe shoulder instability or multi-directional instability, additional procedures such as a capsular shift or reconstruction may be performed to tighten or reinforce the joint capsule and surrounding soft tissues.
• Rehabilitation: Following surgical repair, a structured rehabilitation program supervised by a physical therapist is essential to optimize outcomes and restore shoulder function. Rehabilitation typically involves a gradual progression of exercises to regain strength, range of motion, and shoulder stability.

The choice between conservative and surgical treatment depends on various factors, including the severity of symptoms, the patient’s functional goals, and the presence of associated shoulder injuries. It’s essential for individuals with a Bankart lesion to consult with an orthopedic surgeon or a shoulder specialist to determine the most appropriate treatment plan tailored to their specific needs.