Ascariasis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of ascariasis?

Ascariasis is an infection of the intestines by the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. Symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the number of worms present. Some common symptoms include:

1. Abdominal pain or discomfort
2. Nausea and vomiting
3. Diarrhea or bloody stools
4. Fatigue and weakness
5. Weight loss
6. Worms in stool (visible in severe cases)
7. Coughing or wheezing (if the larvae migrate to the lungs)
8. Fever (rare)

In some cases, especially with a light infection, there may be no symptoms at all. If you suspect you have ascariasis or have been in an area where it is common, it’s important to see a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.

What are the causes of ascariasis?

Ascariasis is caused by the ingestion of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs. These eggs are found in soil contaminated with human feces containing mature Ascaris worms. The eggs can survive in the soil for many months under favorable conditions.

The infection occurs when a person ingests food, water, or soil that contains these eggs. Once swallowed, the eggs hatch in the small intestine, and the larvae migrate through the body, eventually reaching the lungs. After maturing further in the lungs, they travel up the airways to the throat, where they are swallowed again. Once back in the small intestine, the larvae mature into adult worms, which can grow up to 30 centimeters (12 inches) long.

The adult worms then live in the small intestine, where they can produce eggs that are passed in the stool, completing the life cycle of the parasite. The eggs passed in the stool can contaminate soil, leading to further infections if ingested by another person.

What is the treatment for ascariasis?

The treatment for ascariasis typically involves medications that kill the roundworms. Commonly used medications include:

1. Albendazole: This is the most commonly used medication for treating ascariasis. It is usually taken as a single dose.
2. Mebendazole: Another medication that is effective against Ascaris lumbricoides. It is also usually taken as a single dose.
3. Ivermectin: In some cases, especially in areas where there is resistance to albendazole or mebendazole, ivermectin may be used instead.

These medications work by killing the adult worms in the intestines. In some cases, a second dose of medication may be needed to ensure all the worms are eliminated. It’s important to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions regarding the dosage and duration of treatment.

In addition to medication, maintaining good hygiene practices, such as washing hands before eating and after using the toilet, can help prevent re-infection and the spread of the infection to others.