Angular Cheilitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of angular cheilitis?

Angular cheilitis, also known as perleche, is a condition characterized by inflammation, redness, and cracking at the corners of the mouth. Symptoms can include:

1. Pain or tenderness at the corners of the mouth.
2. Redness, swelling, or blistering at the corners of the mouth.
3. Cracks or fissures at the corners of the mouth, which can sometimes bleed.
4. Itching or burning sensation at the corners of the mouth.
5. Dry, scaly, or crusty skin at the corners of the mouth.
6. Occasionally, the presence of pus or discharge in severe cases.

These symptoms can be uncomfortable and may worsen with certain activities like eating, drinking, or opening the mouth widely. If you suspect you have angular cheilitis, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

What are the causes of angular cheilitis?

Angular cheilitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

1. Fungal infection: Candida albicans, a type of yeast, is often implicated in angular cheilitis. This yeast thrives in moist, warm environments, making the corners of the mouth an ideal location for infection.
2. Bacterial infection: Secondary bacterial infections can occur in the cracked corners of the mouth, exacerbating the condition.
3. Nutritional deficiencies: Deficiencies in vitamins B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine), or B12 (cobalamin), as well as iron and zinc, can contribute to angular cheilitis.
4. Excessive moisture: Prolonged exposure to saliva or moisture from lip-licking can irritate the skin at the corners of the mouth, leading to inflammation and cracking.
5. Dentures: Ill-fitting dentures or other oral appliances can cause irritation and trapping of moisture, creating an environment conducive to fungal or bacterial growth.
6. Poor oral hygiene: Inadequate cleaning of the mouth and lips can allow fungi or bacteria to proliferate.
7. Weakened immune system: Conditions or medications that weaken the immune system can increase the risk of developing angular cheilitis.
8. Allergies: Some individuals may develop angular cheilitis due to allergic reactions to certain foods, lip products, or oral hygiene products.
9. Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as Crohn’s disease or Sjögren’s syndrome, can predispose individuals to angular cheilitis.
10. Environmental factors: Cold weather, wind exposure, or excessive sun exposure can contribute to dry, cracked skin, increasing the likelihood of angular cheilitis.

Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause, such as antifungal or antibacterial medications for infections, nutritional supplements for deficiencies, or adjustments to oral hygiene habits or dentures.

What is the treatment for angular cheilitis?

Treatment for angular cheilitis depends on the underlying cause. Common treatment options include:

1. Antifungal or antibacterial creams: If the angular cheilitis is caused by a fungal or bacterial infection, antifungal or antibacterial creams or ointments may be prescribed. These medications are typically applied to the affected area several times a day until the infection clears up.
2. Topical corticosteroids: In cases where inflammation is a significant component of angular cheilitis, topical corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and promote healing.
3. Topical antiseptics: Antiseptic creams or ointments can help prevent secondary bacterial infections and promote healing.
4. Moisturizers: Keeping the affected area moisturized can help prevent further cracking and irritation. Using a lip balm or emollient cream can be beneficial.
5. Nutritional supplements: If angular cheilitis is caused by nutritional deficiencies, supplements such as vitamin B complex, iron, or zinc may be recommended.
6. Denture adjustments: If ill-fitting dentures are contributing to the condition, adjustments or replacement of the dentures may be necessary.
7. Avoiding irritants: Avoiding factors that can worsen angular cheilitis, such as lip-licking, spicy foods, or harsh lip products, can help promote healing.
8. Good oral hygiene: Maintaining good oral hygiene, including brushing and flossing regularly and using a mild mouthwash, can help prevent further irritation and infection.

In some cases, particularly if the angular cheilitis is severe or recurrent, a healthcare professional may need to investigate underlying medical conditions or factors contributing to the condition.