Adult Acquired Flatfoot: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of adult acquired flatfoot?

Adult acquired flatfoot, also known as posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD), is a condition where the tendon that supports the arch of the foot becomes inflamed or torn, leading to a flattening of the arch. Symptoms of adult acquired flatfoot can vary depending on the stage of the condition but may include:

1. Pain: Pain along the inside of the foot and ankle, particularly around the area of the tendon.
2. Swelling: Swelling along the inside of the foot and ankle.
3. Flattening of the Arch: The arch of the foot may appear to be lower or flattened, especially when standing.
4. Difficulty with Activities: Difficulty with activities that require standing or walking for long periods, such as running or hiking.
5. Weakness: Weakness in the affected foot, particularly when trying to stand on the toes.
6. Changes in Foot Shape: The affected foot may turn outward, and the toes may point outward as well.
7. Pain and Swelling on the Outside of the Ankle: In some cases, the outside of the ankle may also be painful and swollen.

It’s important to note that not everyone with adult acquired flatfoot will experience all of these symptoms, and the severity of symptoms can vary from person to person. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, especially if they are affecting your ability to walk or participate in activities, it’s important to see a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

What are the causes of adult acquired flatfoot?

Adult acquired flatfoot is typically caused by a combination of factors rather than a single cause. Some of the common causes and contributing factors include:

1. Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD): This is the most common cause of adult acquired flatfoot. The posterior tibial tendon, which supports the arch of the foot, becomes inflamed or torn, leading to the flattening of the arch.
2. Aging: As people age, the tendons in the foot can weaken and become less flexible, increasing the risk of developing adult acquired flatfoot.
3. Overuse or Overload: Activities that put excessive strain on the feet, such as running or standing for long periods, can contribute to the development of adult acquired flatfoot.
4. Obesity: Excess weight can put additional strain on the feet and tendons, increasing the risk of developing flatfoot.
5. Injury: A previous injury to the foot or ankle, such as a sprain or fracture, can weaken the tendons and contribute to the development of adult acquired flatfoot.
6. Footwear: Wearing shoes that do not provide proper support or that are worn out can contribute to the development of flatfoot.
7. Genetics: Some people may be genetically predisposed to developing adult acquired flatfoot.
8. Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension, can increase the risk of developing flatfoot.

It’s important to note that not everyone with these risk factors will develop adult acquired flatfoot, and the condition can also occur in people without any known risk factors.

What is the treatment for adult acquired flatfoot?

The treatment for adult acquired flatfoot depends on the severity of the condition and the symptoms experienced by the individual. Some common treatments include:

1. Rest and Ice: Resting the affected foot and applying ice to reduce pain and inflammation.
2. Physical Therapy: Physical therapy exercises can help strengthen the muscles and tendons in the foot and improve flexibility and range of motion.
3. Orthotic Devices: Custom orthotic devices, such as arch supports or shoe inserts, can help support the arch and relieve pressure on the affected tendon.
4. Bracing: Ankle braces or supportive boots may be recommended to provide additional support to the foot and ankle.
5. Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, may be recommended to reduce pain and inflammation.
6. Steroid Injections: In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be used to reduce inflammation and pain in the affected tendon.
7. Surgery: In severe cases where conservative treatments have not been effective, surgery may be recommended to repair or reconstruct the damaged tendon and restore the arch of the foot.

The specific treatment plan will depend on the individual’s symptoms, the severity of the condition, and their overall health. It’s important for individuals with adult acquired flatfoot to work closely with their healthcare provider to develop a treatment plan that meets their needs.

What are the best exercises for flat feet?

Exercises for flat feet focus on strengthening the muscles that support the arch and improving flexibility. Here are some exercises that may help:

1. Arch Strengthening: Sit barefoot with your feet flat on the floor. Try to lift the arches of your feet while keeping your toes and heels on the ground. Hold for a few seconds and then release. Repeat several times.
2. Toe Curl: While sitting, place a small towel on the floor in front of you. Using only your toes, crumple the towel toward you. Repeat several times with each foot.
3. Calf Raises: Stand with your feet hip-width apart. Slowly lift your heels off the floor, raising your body onto your toes. Hold for a few seconds, then lower back down. Repeat several times.
4. Ankle Circles: Sit with your legs extended. Rotate your ankles in a circular motion, first clockwise and then counterclockwise. Repeat several times with each foot.
5. Towel Stretch: Sit on the floor with your legs extended in front of you. Loop a towel around the ball of one foot and gently pull the towel toward you, stretching the arch of your foot. Hold for 15-30 seconds, then switch to the other foot.
6. Heel Cord Stretch: Stand facing a wall with one foot in front of the other. Place your hands on the wall at shoulder height. Keeping your back leg straight and your heel on the floor, bend your front knee until you feel a stretch in the back leg. Hold for 15-30 seconds, then switch legs.

It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider or physical therapist before starting any new exercise routine, especially if you have flat feet or any existing foot problems. They can provide guidance on the best exercises for your specific needs and ensure that you’re performing them correctly to avoid injury.