Adnexal Mass: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of an adnexal mass?

An adnexal mass refers to a lump in the tissue near the uterus, often involving the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or surrounding connective tissue. The symptoms can vary depending on the size, location, and type of mass, but they may include:

1. Abdominal or pelvic pain or pressure, which may be constant or intermittent.
2. Changes in menstruation, such as irregular periods or abnormal bleeding.
3. Pain during intercourse.
4. Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly (early satiety).
5. Frequent urination or urinary urgency.
6. Bloating or swelling in the abdomen.
7. Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation.

It’s important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, so if you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to see a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

What are the causes of an adnexal mass?

Adnexal masses can have various causes, and determining the cause often requires further evaluation by a healthcare provider. Some common causes include:

1. Ovarian cysts: Fluid-filled sacs that form on the ovary. These are common and often resolve on their own.
2. Ovarian tumors: Both benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous) tumors can develop on the ovaries.
3. Ectopic pregnancy: A pregnancy that implants outside the uterus, often in the fallopian tube, can cause an adnexal mass.
4. Endometriosis: A condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, commonly affecting the ovaries and causing adnexal masses.
5. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): An infection of the female reproductive organs, often caused by sexually transmitted infections, can lead to adnexal masses.
6. Functional ovarian cysts: Cysts that develop as part of the normal menstrual cycle and typically resolve on their own.
7. Other less common causes, such as teratomas, dermoid cysts, or cystadenomas.

Because the causes of adnexal masses can vary widely, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

What is the treatment for an adnexal mass?

The treatment for an adnexal mass depends on several factors, including the size of the mass, whether it is causing symptoms, and whether it is suspected to be benign or malignant. Common treatment options include:

1. Watchful waiting: If the mass is small and not causing symptoms, your healthcare provider may recommend regular monitoring to see if it changes in size or appearance over time.
2. Medication: In some cases, hormonal birth control pills may be prescribed to help shrink or prevent new ovarian cysts.
3. Surgery: If the mass is large, causing symptoms, or if there is concern that it may be cancerous, surgery may be recommended. The type of surgery will depend on the nature of the mass and whether fertility preservation is a concern. Surgery may involve removing the mass (cystectomy or oophorectomy) or, in some cases, the entire ovary (oophorectomy).
4. Biopsy: If there is concern that the mass may be cancerous, a biopsy may be performed to obtain a tissue sample for further testing.

The appropriate treatment approach will be determined by your healthcare provider based on your individual circumstances. It’s important to discuss all treatment options and their potential risks and benefits with your healthcare provider.