Acute Sinusitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of acute sinusitis?

The symptoms of acute sinusitis can vary in severity and may include:

1. Nasal congestion and discharge: Thick yellow or green mucus may be present in the nasal passages.
2. Pain and pressure: Pain and pressure in the face, particularly in the cheeks and forehead, which can be worse on one side.
3. Headache: A headache or facial pain that can be a dull ache or a sharp, stabbing pain.
4. Fatigue: Feeling tired, weak, or lacking energy.
5. Cough: A persistent cough, often worse at night, due to the postnasal drip of mucus down the back of the throat.
6. Sore throat: A sore or irritated throat due to the constant dripping of mucus.
7. Loss of smell: A temporary loss of sense of smell (anosmia).
8. Ear fullness: Feeling of fullness or blockage in the ears.
9. Sinus tenderness: Tenderness to the touch over the sinuses, particularly in the forehead and cheekbones.
10. Bad breath: Halitosis (bad breath) due to the accumulation of mucus in the mouth.
11. Eye symptoms: Redness, swelling, or discharge in the eyes, which can be due to sinus pressure or infection spreading to the eyes.
12. Postnasal drip: A sensation of mucus running down the back of the throat, which can cause coughing, sore throat, and hoarseness.

In some cases, acute sinusitis can also cause more severe symptoms, such as:

• High fever (usually above 102°F)
• Severe headache or facial pain
• Swelling or redness around the eyes
• Nasal polyps or other nasal masses
• Difficulty breathing through the nose

If you’re experiencing these symptoms, it’s essential to see a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.

What are the causes of acute sinusitis?

Acute sinusitis is usually caused by a viral infection, such as the common cold. However, it can also be caused by bacterial infections or, less commonly, fungal infections. Other factors that can contribute to the development of acute sinusitis include:

1. Allergies: Allergic reactions can cause inflammation in the nasal passages and sinuses, leading to sinusitis.
2. Nasal polyps: These are noncancerous growths in the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses that can block the drainage of mucus, leading to sinusitis.
3. Deviated septum: A crooked or deviated septum can block the sinus passages and prevent proper drainage of mucus.
4. Respiratory tract infections: Infections of the respiratory tract, such as bronchitis or pneumonia, can spread to the sinuses and cause sinusitis.
5. Dental infections: Infections in the teeth or gums can spread to the sinuses and cause sinusitis.
6. Air travel: Changes in air pressure during air travel can sometimes cause sinusitis, especially in people with underlying sinus issues.
7. Swimming or diving: Activities that involve diving or swimming can sometimes lead to sinusitis, particularly if water enters the sinuses and becomes trapped.
8. Irritants: Exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, or chemical fumes can irritate the nasal passages and sinuses, leading to sinusitis.

It’s important to note that while acute sinusitis is usually caused by a viral infection and often resolves on its own, bacterial sinusitis may require antibiotic treatment. If you suspect you have sinusitis, it’s best to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

What is the treatment for acute sinusitis?

Treatment for acute sinusitis depends on the underlying cause. In many cases, acute sinusitis is caused by a viral infection and will resolve on its own within a few weeks. However, if symptoms are severe or persistent, or if bacterial infection is suspected, treatment options may include:

1. Symptom relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help relieve pain and reduce fever. Decongestants may also be used to help reduce nasal congestion.
2. Nasal irrigation: Saline nasal sprays or irrigation kits can help flush out mucus and improve drainage from the sinuses.
3. Steam inhalation: Inhaling steam from a bowl of hot water or a steamy shower can help soothe sinus congestion.
4. Nasal corticosteroids: These prescription or over-the-counter nasal sprays can help reduce inflammation in the nasal passages and sinuses.
5. Antibiotics: If bacterial infection is suspected, your healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotics. It’s important to take the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if you start to feel better.
6. Allergy treatment: If allergies are contributing to your sinusitis, allergy medications or allergy shots (immunotherapy) may be recommended.
7. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be needed to remove nasal polyps or correct a deviated septum to improve sinus drainage.

It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan. They can help determine the underlying cause of your sinusitis and recommend the most effective treatment for your specific situation.

How long does acute sinusitis last?

Acute sinusitis typically lasts for about 10-14 days. In some cases, it may resolve on its own within a week or two. However, if symptoms persist for more than 10 days, or if they worsen after initially improving, it’s important to seek medical attention, as you may require additional treatment such as antibiotics. Factors such as the underlying cause of the sinusitis, your overall health, and whether or not you receive treatment can all influence how long the condition lasts.