Golfer’s Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of golfer’s elbow?

Golfer’s elbow, also known as medial epicondylitis, is a condition that causes pain and inflammation in the tendons that attach to the bony bump on the inside of the elbow (medial epicondyle). It is similar to tennis elbow but affects the inner side of the elbow instead of the outer side.

The symptoms of golfer’s elbow typically include:

1. Pain: Pain and tenderness on the inner side of the elbow, which may radiate down the forearm.
2. Stiffness: Stiffness in the elbow, especially after periods of rest or in the morning.
3. Weakness: Weakness in the hands and wrists, making it difficult to grip objects or perform certain movements.
4. Numbness or tingling: Some people may experience numbness or tingling in the fingers, especially the ring and little fingers.
5. Worsening pain: Pain that worsens with gripping, lifting, or twisting movements of the wrist or forearm.
6. Pain when flexing the wrist: Pain when flexing the wrist or making a fist, which can be exacerbated by activities that involve wrist or forearm movement, such as swinging a golf club, lifting weights, or using tools.

The symptoms of golfer’s elbow can range from mild to severe and may come and go over time. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience persistent or severe elbow pain, as untreated golfer’s elbow can lead to chronic pain and limited function.

What are the causes of golfer’s elbow?

Golfer’s elbow, or medial epicondylitis, is typically caused by repetitive stress or overuse of the muscles and tendons in the forearm that control wrist and finger movements. This repetitive stress can cause small tears in the tendons that attach to the medial epicondyle, leading to inflammation and pain.

Specific causes and risk factors for golfer’s elbow include:

1. Golfing: Despite its name, golfer’s elbow can occur in individuals who do not play golf. However, the repetitive swinging motion of a golf club can contribute to the development of this condition.
2. Other sports: Activities that involve repetitive gripping, swinging, or throwing motions, such as tennis, baseball, weightlifting, and racket sports, can also increase the risk of developing golfer’s elbow.
3. Occupational activities: Jobs or activities that require repetitive wrist or forearm movements, such as using tools, typing, or painting, can strain the tendons and lead to golfer’s elbow.
4. Age: Golfer’s elbow is more common in adults between the ages of 30 and 50, although it can occur at any age.
5. Poor technique: Using improper technique or equipment during sports or activities can increase the risk of developing golfer’s elbow.
6. Muscle imbalance: Weakness or imbalance in the muscles of the forearm and elbow can increase the risk of injury and strain on the tendons.
7. Prior injury: A previous injury to the elbow or forearm can increase the risk of developing golfer’s elbow.

It’s important to address the underlying causes of golfer’s elbow to prevent recurrence. This may include modifying activities or sports techniques, using proper equipment, and incorporating exercises to strengthen and stretch the muscles of the forearm and elbow.

How is the diagnosis of golfer’s elbow made?

The diagnosis of golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis) is typically made based on a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes imaging studies. Here’s how it’s typically diagnosed:

1. Medical history: Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms, including when the pain started, what activities or movements make it worse, and if you have any history of elbow or arm injuries.
2. Physical examination: During the physical exam, your healthcare provider will press on the inside of your elbow to check for tenderness and pain. They may also ask you to flex your wrist and fingers against resistance to see if this reproduces your symptoms.
3. Imaging studies: In some cases, imaging studies such as X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI may be ordered to rule out other possible causes of elbow pain, such as fractures or arthritis.
4. Electromyography (EMG): In some cases, an EMG may be performed to assess nerve function and rule out nerve-related causes of elbow pain.

Based on the findings from the medical history, physical examination, and any imaging studies, your healthcare provider can make a diagnosis of golfer’s elbow. It’s important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan if you are experiencing symptoms of golfer’s elbow.

What is the treatment for golfer’s elbow?

The treatment for golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis) typically involves a combination of rest, medications, physical therapy, and other conservative measures. In more severe cases, where conservative treatments do not provide relief, surgery may be considered. Here are some common treatments for golfer’s elbow:

1. Rest: Resting the affected arm and avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms can help reduce inflammation and allow the tendons to heal.
2. Ice: Applying ice to the affected area for 15-20 minutes several times a day can help reduce pain and inflammation.
3. Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen can help reduce pain and inflammation.
4. Physical therapy: A physical therapist can teach you exercises to stretch and strengthen the muscles of the forearm, which can help improve flexibility and reduce strain on the tendons.
5. Bracing or splinting: Wearing a brace or splint on the affected arm can help reduce strain on the tendons and promote healing.
6. Steroid injections: In some cases, a corticosteroid injection may be recommended to reduce pain and inflammation. However, repeated injections are generally not recommended due to the risk of tendon damage.
7. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT): ESWT is a noninvasive treatment that uses shock waves to stimulate healing in the affected tendons.
8. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy: PRP therapy involves injecting a concentration of the patient’s own platelets into the affected tendon to promote healing.
9. Surgery: In cases where conservative treatments have not provided relief, surgery may be considered to remove damaged tissue or repair the tendon.

The specific treatment plan for golfer’s elbow will depend on the severity of symptoms, the underlying cause, and individual factors. It’s important to work with a healthcare provider to develop a treatment plan that is right for you.