Esophageal Strictures: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of esophageal strictures?

Esophageal strictures are narrowings of the esophagus that can cause difficulty swallowing and other symptoms. The symptoms of esophageal strictures can vary depending on the severity of the stricture, but they commonly include:

1. Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia): This is the most common symptom of esophageal strictures. You may feel like food is getting stuck in your throat or chest, or you may have to swallow repeatedly to get food down.
2. Pain or discomfort with swallowing (odynophagia): Swallowing may be painful, particularly when trying to swallow solid foods.
3. Heartburn or acid reflux: Some people with esophageal strictures may experience heartburn or acid reflux, which can cause a burning sensation in the chest or throat.
4. Regurgitation: Food or liquid may come back up into the throat, especially when lying down or bending over.
5. Unintentional weight loss: Difficulty swallowing and pain with swallowing can lead to a decrease in appetite and unintentional weight loss.
6. Chest pain: Some people with esophageal strictures may experience chest pain, which can be sharp or dull and may worsen with swallowing.
7. Coughing or choking: If food or liquid gets stuck in the narrowed portion of the esophagus, it can trigger coughing or choking.
8. Bad breath: Halitosis, or bad breath, can occur due to food becoming trapped in the esophagus and starting to decay.

If you are experiencing symptoms of esophageal strictures, it’s important to see a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

What are the causes of esophageal strictures?

Esophageal strictures can have several causes, including:

1. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): Chronic acid reflux can lead to inflammation and scarring of the esophagus, which can result in narrowing of the esophagus over time.
2. Esophagitis: Inflammation of the esophagus, which can be caused by infections, medications, or autoimmune diseases, can lead to scarring and narrowing of the esophagus.
3. Eosinophilic esophagitis: This is a chronic allergic condition that can cause inflammation and narrowing of the esophagus, especially in response to certain foods or allergens.
4. Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy to the chest or upper abdomen, often used to treat cancer, can cause scarring and narrowing of the esophagus.
5. Swallowing corrosive substances: Ingesting corrosive substances, such as strong acids or alkalis, can cause severe damage to the esophagus, leading to strictures.
6. Esophageal surgery: Some surgical procedures involving the esophagus can lead to scarring and narrowing of the esophagus.
7. Infections: Rarely, infections such as tuberculosis or herpes can cause inflammation and scarring of the esophagus, leading to strictures.
8. Congenital abnormalities: Some people may be born with a narrowed esophagus (congenital esophageal stricture) due to abnormal development of the esophagus before birth.
9. Chronic pill or tablet ingestion: Ingesting certain medications in pill or tablet form without enough water can lead to localized injury and scarring in the esophagus, resulting in a stricture.

It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider if you suspect you have an esophageal stricture, as the underlying cause will determine the appropriate treatment.

What is the treatment for esophageal strictures?

The treatment for esophageal strictures depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the stricture. Some common treatment options include:

1. Dilation (stretching) therapy: This is a common treatment for esophageal strictures. It involves using an endoscope with a special balloon or dilator to stretch the narrowed area of the esophagus. This can help improve swallowing and reduce symptoms. Dilation may need to be repeated periodically if the stricture recurs.
2. Medications: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2-receptor antagonists may be prescribed to reduce stomach acid and inflammation in the esophagus, especially if the stricture is caused by GERD.
3. Steroid therapy: In cases of eosinophilic esophagitis, steroids may be used to reduce inflammation and help manage the condition.
4. Surgery: In severe cases or when other treatments have not been effective, surgery may be necessary to remove the narrowed part of the esophagus and reconnect the remaining parts.
5. Treatment for underlying conditions: Treating the underlying cause of the stricture, such as GERD or eosinophilic esophagitis, is important to prevent recurrence of the stricture.
6. Nutritional support: In severe cases where swallowing is difficult, a feeding tube may be necessary to ensure adequate nutrition.

It’s important to work closely with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate treatment for your esophageal stricture. Treatment will depend on the underlying cause, the severity of the stricture, and your overall health.