Episcleritis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of episcleritis?

Episcleritis is an inflammatory condition that affects the episclera, which is the thin, transparent layer that covers the white part of the eye (sclera). The symptoms of episcleritis can vary but typically include:

1. Eye Redness: The affected eye may appear red or bloodshot.
2. Eye Irritation: People with episcleritis may experience a feeling of irritation, itchiness, or discomfort in the affected eye.
3. Tearing: Excessive tearing or watering of the affected eye can occur.
4. Foreign Body Sensation: Some individuals may feel as though there is a foreign object or particle in their eye.
5. Light Sensitivity: Sensitivity to light (photophobia) may be present, causing discomfort in bright light.
6. Eye Pain: Mild to moderate eye pain or soreness may be experienced, especially when touching or rubbing the eye.
7. Blurred Vision: Vision may be temporarily blurred, although this is less common.

Episcleritis usually affects only one eye and tends to be a benign condition that typically resolves on its own within a few weeks. However, it’s important to consult an eye care professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate management, as episcleritis can sometimes be associated with underlying systemic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis).

What are the causes of episcleritis?

Episcleritis is believed to be caused by inflammation, but the exact cause is often unknown. Some potential causes and risk factors may include:

1. Autoimmune Disorders: Episcleritis is more common in individuals with autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or inflammatory bowel disease.
2. Infections: Bacterial or viral infections can sometimes trigger episcleritis.
3. Allergies: Allergies to environmental factors such as pollen or dust may contribute to the development of episcleritis.
4. Exposure to Irritants: Exposure to irritants such as smoke or chemicals may increase the risk of developing episcleritis.
5. Systemic Inflammatory Conditions: Episcleritis can sometimes be associated with systemic inflammatory conditions, although it can also occur in isolation.
6. Trauma: Eye trauma or injury can sometimes lead to episcleritis.
7. Idiopathic: In many cases, the exact cause of episcleritis is unknown, and it is considered idiopathic.

It’s important to note that while these factors may increase the risk of developing episcleritis, they do not always cause the condition. Episcleritis is typically a self-limiting condition that resolves on its own, and treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and discomfort.

How is episcleritis diagnosed?

Episcleritis is usually diagnosed through a combination of a comprehensive eye examination and a review of your medical history. The diagnosis process may include:

1. Symptom Assessment: Your eye care professional will ask about your symptoms, including any eye pain, redness, or discomfort you may be experiencing.
2. Eye Examination: A thorough examination of your eyes will be conducted to assess the extent of redness and inflammation. Your eye care professional may use a slit lamp microscope to examine the episclera in detail.
3. Medical History: Your doctor may inquire about any underlying health conditions you have, as well as your overall health history, to help determine the cause of episcleritis.
4. Tests: In some cases, your eye care professional may perform additional tests to rule out other conditions or to confirm the diagnosis. These tests may include blood tests or a biopsy of the affected tissue.
5. Differential Diagnosis: Episcleritis must be differentiated from other eye conditions that may cause similar symptoms, such as scleritis or conjunctivitis.

Based on the findings of these examinations and tests, your eye care professional can confirm a diagnosis of episcleritis and recommend appropriate treatment options. If there is uncertainty about the diagnosis or if the condition does not improve with treatment, further evaluation may be needed.

What is the treatment for episcleritis?

The treatment for episcleritis depends on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. In many cases, episcleritis resolves on its own without specific treatment. However, if treatment is necessary to alleviate symptoms, options may include:

1. Artificial Tears: Lubricating eye drops can help relieve dryness and irritation.
2. Anti-Inflammatory Eye Drops: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroid eye drops may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms.
3. Oral Medications: In some cases, oral NSAIDs or corticosteroids may be prescribed for more severe or persistent cases of episcleritis.
4. Warm Compresses: Applying a warm compress to the affected eye can help reduce inflammation and relieve discomfort.
5. Treatment of Underlying Conditions: If episcleritis is associated with an underlying systemic condition, such as rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease, treatment of the underlying condition may help alleviate symptoms.
6. Follow-Up: Regular follow-up visits with an eye care professional may be recommended to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as needed.

It’s important to follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations for treatment and follow-up care to help manage episcleritis effectively. If you experience severe eye pain, vision changes, or other concerning symptoms, seek prompt medical attention.