Denture Stomatitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of denture stomatitis?

Denture stomatitis, also known as denture-related stomatitis or chronic atrophic candidiasis, is a common condition characterized by inflammation and redness of the oral mucosa (the tissue lining the mouth) under a denture. Symptoms of denture stomatitis can vary in severity but may include:

1. Redness: The affected area underneath the denture may appear red and inflamed.
2. Swelling: Swelling of the oral mucosa, particularly underneath the denture, may be present.
3. Discomfort or Pain: Some individuals may experience discomfort, soreness, or pain in the affected area, especially while wearing the denture.
4. Burning Sensation: A burning sensation in the mouth, particularly under the denture, may occur.
5. Difficulty Eating or Speaking: Discomfort or pain associated with denture stomatitis may make it difficult to eat or speak comfortably.
6. Bleeding: In severe cases, the inflamed tissue may bleed.
7. Unpleasant Taste or Odor: Some individuals may notice a foul taste or odor associated with denture stomatitis.

It’s important to note that denture stomatitis is often painless or only mildly uncomfortable, and some individuals may not experience any noticeable symptoms. However, even if symptoms are not bothersome, it’s essential to seek treatment to prevent complications and ensure oral health.

If you wear dentures and experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to see your dentist or oral healthcare provider for an evaluation. Denture stomatitis is often caused by factors such as poor denture hygiene, ill-fitting dentures, or fungal infections, and treatment typically involves improving oral hygiene, adjusting or replacing dentures if necessary, and addressing any underlying fungal infections with antifungal medications.

What are the causes of denture stomatitis?

Denture stomatitis, or denture-related stomatitis, can have multiple causes, often stemming from a combination of factors. Here are some common causes:

1. Poor Oral Hygiene: Inadequate cleaning of dentures and oral tissues can lead to the accumulation of plaque and bacteria, contributing to inflammation and infection.
2. Ill-Fitting Dentures: Dentures that do not fit properly can cause friction and pressure on the oral tissues, leading to irritation, inflammation, and the development of stomatitis.
3. Prolonged Denture Wear: Wearing dentures for extended periods without removing them, especially during sleep, can create a favorable environment for fungal growth and irritation.
4. Accumulation of Microorganisms: The surfaces of dentures can harbor bacteria, yeast, and other microorganisms. If not properly cleaned, these microorganisms can multiply and cause infections, such as candidiasis (oral thrush).
5. Fungal Infections: Candida albicans, a type of yeast, is a common cause of denture stomatitis. It can overgrow on the oral mucosa, particularly underneath dentures, leading to inflammation and discomfort.
6. Systemic Factors: Certain systemic conditions, such as diabetes, immunodeficiency disorders, or autoimmune diseases, can increase the risk of developing oral infections and inflammation, including denture stomatitis.
7. Tobacco Use: Smoking or using tobacco products can increase the risk of developing oral infections and inflammation, including denture stomatitis.
8. Nutritional Factors: Poor nutrition or dietary habits can weaken the immune system and increase susceptibility to oral infections, including those associated with denture stomatitis.
9. Denture Material: Some individuals may have allergies or sensitivities to certain materials used in dentures, which can lead to irritation and inflammation of the oral tissues.

It’s important for individuals wearing dentures to maintain good oral hygiene practices, including proper cleaning of dentures and oral tissues, regular dental check-ups, and promptly addressing any signs of discomfort or irritation. If you develop symptoms of denture stomatitis, consult your dentist or oral healthcare provider for evaluation and appropriate treatment.

What is the treatment for denture stomatitis?

The treatment for denture stomatitis, also known as denture-related stomatitis, typically involves addressing the underlying causes of inflammation and infection, improving oral hygiene, and relieving symptoms. Here are some common treatment approaches:

1. Antifungal Medications: If the stomatitis is caused by a fungal infection, such as oral thrush (caused by Candida albicans), antifungal medications may be prescribed. These medications may be in the form of oral antifungal tablets, oral antifungal solutions, or antifungal mouthwashes. It’s essential to follow the prescribed dosage and duration of treatment as directed by your dentist or healthcare provider.
2. Oral Hygiene Measures: Improving oral hygiene practices is crucial for managing and preventing denture stomatitis. This includes thoroughly cleaning dentures daily using denture cleansers or solutions recommended by your dentist. Additionally, cleaning the oral tissues underneath the dentures with a soft toothbrush or gauze can help remove plaque and debris. Dentures should be removed at night to allow the oral tissues to rest and recover.
3. Denture Adjustment or Replacement: If dentures are ill-fitting or contributing to irritation and inflammation of the oral tissues, adjustments or replacements may be necessary. Your dentist can evaluate the fit of your dentures and make any necessary adjustments to ensure optimal comfort and function.
4. Topical Treatments: Your dentist may recommend topical treatments, such as antifungal or antimicrobial mouthwashes or gels, to help reduce inflammation, relieve discomfort, and control fungal overgrowth.
5. Systemic Treatment: In some cases, systemic conditions such as diabetes or immunodeficiency disorders may contribute to the development of denture stomatitis. Managing these underlying conditions with appropriate medical treatment may help improve oral health and reduce the risk of recurrent stomatitis.
6. Regular Dental Check-ups: Routine dental visits are essential for monitoring oral health, identifying any signs of stomatitis or other oral problems, and adjusting treatment as needed. Your dentist can provide personalized recommendations for managing denture stomatitis and maintaining optimal oral hygiene.
7. Lifestyle Modifications: Making lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking or reducing alcohol consumption, can help improve oral health and reduce the risk of oral infections, including denture stomatitis.

If you wear dentures and experience symptoms of stomatitis, such as redness, swelling, or discomfort in the oral tissues, it’s essential to consult your dentist or oral healthcare provider for evaluation and appropriate treatment. Early intervention can help prevent complications and promote oral health and well-being.

How to prevent denture stomatitis?

Preventing denture stomatitis, also known as denture-related stomatitis, involves maintaining good oral hygiene, ensuring proper care of dentures, and addressing any risk factors that may contribute to the development of stomatitis. Here are some tips to help prevent denture stomatitis:

1. Clean Dentures Daily: Remove dentures and clean them thoroughly at least once a day using a denture brush or soft-bristled toothbrush and mild soap or denture cleaner. Rinse them well afterward. Proper cleaning helps remove plaque, food particles, and microorganisms that can contribute to stomatitis.
2. Remove Dentures at Night: Take dentures out at night before going to bed to give the oral tissues a chance to rest and recover. Soaking dentures overnight in a denture-cleaning solution can help keep them clean and free of bacteria and fungi.
3. Clean Oral Tissues: Clean the oral tissues underneath dentures daily using a soft toothbrush or gauze. This helps remove plaque and debris and reduces the risk of inflammation and infection.
4. Practice Good Oral Hygiene: Brush and floss remaining natural teeth, gums, and tongue twice daily to maintain oral hygiene and reduce the risk of oral infections.
5. Regular Dental Check-ups: Visit your dentist regularly for dental check-ups and professional cleanings. Your dentist can monitor your oral health, assess the fit and condition of your dentures, and provide recommendations for preventing stomatitis.
6. Ensure Proper Denture Fit: Ill-fitting dentures can cause friction, pressure, and irritation of the oral tissues, increasing the risk of stomatitis. Have your dentures checked periodically by your dentist to ensure they fit properly and make any necessary adjustments or replacements.
7. Avoid Smoking and Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of oral infections and inflammation, including stomatitis. Quitting smoking and reducing alcohol intake can help improve oral health and reduce the risk of stomatitis.
8. Manage Underlying Health Conditions: Certain systemic conditions, such as diabetes or immunodeficiency disorders, can increase the risk of oral infections and inflammation. Managing these conditions with appropriate medical treatment can help reduce the risk of stomatitis.
9. Eat a Balanced Diet: Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains to support overall health and immune function.
10. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep the oral tissues moist and help flush out bacteria and fungi.

By following these preventive measures and maintaining good oral hygiene practices, you can reduce the risk of developing denture stomatitis and promote oral health and well-being. If you experience any signs or symptoms of stomatitis, such as redness, swelling, or discomfort in the oral tissues, consult your dentist for evaluation and appropriate treatment. Early intervention can help prevent complications and promote healing.