Bleeding During Pregnancy

What are the causes of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy?

Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy can have various causes, some of which are serious and require immediate medical attention. It’s important for any pregnant person experiencing vaginal bleeding to seek medical advice promptly. Some possible causes of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy include:

1. Implantation bleeding: This is light bleeding that can occur when the fertilized egg implants itself into the lining of the uterus, typically around the time of the expected period. It is usually light and brief.
2. Miscarriage: Vaginal bleeding, along with cramping and abdominal pain, can be a sign of a miscarriage, which is the loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks gestation.
3. Ectopic pregnancy: In an ectopic pregnancy, the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. Vaginal bleeding, along with abdominal or pelvic pain, may occur.
4. Molar pregnancy: This is a rare condition in which a non-viable fertilized egg implants in the uterus and forms an abnormal growth. Vaginal bleeding and severe nausea and vomiting are common symptoms.
5. Infections: Infections of the cervix or vagina, such as bacterial vaginosis or yeast infections, can cause vaginal bleeding during pregnancy.
6. Cervical changes: Increased blood flow to the cervix during pregnancy can cause the cervix to become more sensitive and prone to bleeding, especially after sexual intercourse or a pelvic exam.
7. Placental problems: Conditions such as placenta previa (when the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix) or placental abruption (when the placenta separates from the uterine wall) can cause vaginal bleeding and are serious complications that require immediate medical attention.
8. Trauma: Any trauma to the cervix, such as during sexual intercourse or a pelvic exam, can cause vaginal bleeding, especially if the cervix is more sensitive during pregnancy.
9. Other causes: Certain medical conditions, such as polyps or fibroids in the uterus, can also cause vaginal bleeding during pregnancy.

When should I consult an OB-GYN about vaginal bleeding?

You should consult an obstetrician-gynecologist (OB-GYN) about vaginal bleeding during pregnancy if you experience any of the following:

1. Heavy bleeding: If you are soaking through a sanitary pad in an hour or less, or if you are passing large clots, seek immediate medical attention.
2. Bleeding accompanied by severe abdominal pain or cramping: This could be a sign of a serious condition such as miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy.
3. Bleeding after a positive pregnancy test: Any vaginal bleeding during pregnancy, even if it is light, should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
4. Bleeding accompanied by dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting: This could indicate significant blood loss and requires immediate medical attention.
5. Bleeding accompanied by fever or chills: This could be a sign of infection.
6. Bleeding in the second or third trimester: While bleeding in the first trimester is more common, bleeding later in pregnancy can also be a cause for concern and should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
7. Any other concerns: If you are unsure whether your vaginal bleeding is normal or if you have any other concerns about your pregnancy, it is always best to consult with your healthcare provider.