Tooth Erosion: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of tooth erosion?

Tooth erosion, which occurs when tooth enamel wears away due to acids, can lead to a range of symptoms, including:

• Increased Sensitivity: Teeth may become more sensitive to hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods and beverages. This sensitivity can range from mild to severe.
• Discoloration: Teeth might appear more yellow as the underlying dentin becomes exposed. The enamel loss can also make teeth look dull or less shiny.
• Transparency: The edges of the teeth, particularly the front teeth, may become translucent or see-through.
• Cracks and Chips: Eroded teeth may develop cracks or chips, particularly along the edges.
• Change in Tooth Shape: The overall shape of the teeth may change as enamel wears away, potentially leading to uneven or irregular surfaces.
• Cupping: Small, round indentations or “cupping” may develop on the chewing surfaces of the teeth.
• Increased Wear: The chewing surfaces of the teeth may become flat or worn down.
• Decay: As enamel erodes, it can increase the risk of tooth decay and cavities because the underlying dentin is more susceptible to bacterial invasion.

If you experience these symptoms, it’s important to consult a dentist for an evaluation and appropriate treatment.

What are the causes of tooth erosion?

Tooth erosion is primarily caused by the exposure of teeth to acids that wear away the enamel. Common causes include:

• Acidic Foods and Beverages: Frequent consumption of acidic foods and drinks, such as citrus fruits, tomatoes, soda, and sports drinks, can erode tooth enamel over time.
• Acid Reflux: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other forms of acid reflux can cause stomach acids to flow into the mouth, leading to enamel erosion.
• Frequent Vomiting: Conditions that cause frequent vomiting, such as bulimia or chronic illness, expose teeth to stomach acids that can erode enamel.
• Dry Mouth: A lack of adequate saliva production (xerostomia) can reduce the mouth’s ability to neutralize acids and protect teeth from erosion.
• Poor Oral Hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing can allow plaque buildup, which can contribute to enamel erosion.
• Brushing Too Hard: Using a hard-bristled toothbrush or brushing too aggressively can wear away enamel.
• Certain Medications: Some medications, especially those that are acidic or cause dry mouth, can contribute to enamel erosion.
• Medical Conditions: Conditions like anorexia or bulimia can involve frequent vomiting, increasing acid exposure to the teeth.
• Environmental Factors: Prolonged exposure to acidic environments, such as those in certain professions or hobbies, can also lead to erosion.

Maintaining good oral hygiene, limiting acidic food and drink intake, and addressing any underlying health issues can help prevent and manage tooth erosion.

Can GERD cause tooth erosion?

Yes, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can cause tooth erosion. GERD involves the backflow of stomach acids into the esophagus and sometimes into the mouth. When these acids come into contact with the teeth, they can erode the enamel, leading to tooth erosion.

The symptoms of tooth erosion caused by GERD may include:

• Enamel Loss: The enamel becomes thinner, making teeth more sensitive and more prone to decay.
• Discoloration: Teeth may appear yellowish as the underlying dentin becomes more visible.
• Sensitivity: Increased sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods and beverages.
• Rough or Shiny Surfaces: The surface of the teeth may become rough or shiny due to the loss of enamel.

Managing GERD effectively, along with maintaining good oral hygiene, can help mitigate the risk of tooth erosion. This includes avoiding foods and drinks that exacerbate GERD, using medications as prescribed, and practicing good dental care, such as using fluoride treatments and rinsing the mouth with water after acid exposure.

What is the treatment for tooth erosion?

The treatment for tooth erosion involves both managing the immediate effects on your teeth and addressing the underlying causes. Here’s a comprehensive approach:

1. Dental Treatments:

• Fluoride Treatments: These can help strengthen enamel and protect against further erosion. Your dentist might apply fluoride varnish or recommend fluoride toothpaste.
• Dental Bonding: This procedure involves applying a tooth-colored resin to damaged areas to restore the tooth’s shape and function.
• Veneers: Thin shells of porcelain or composite resin can be placed over the front of the teeth to improve appearance and protect the underlying enamel.
• Crowns: For more severe erosion, crowns may be used to cover and protect damaged teeth.
• Desensitizing Agents: If tooth sensitivity is a problem, your dentist may recommend desensitizing treatments or toothpaste.

2. Managing GERD:

• Medications: Use medications such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2-receptor antagonists as prescribed by your healthcare provider to reduce stomach acid and reflux.
• Lifestyle Changes: Avoid foods and drinks that trigger GERD symptoms, eat smaller meals, and avoid lying down immediately after eating.

3. Oral Hygiene:

• Avoid Brushing Immediately: After exposure to acidic foods or beverages, wait at least 30 minutes before brushing your teeth to prevent further enamel wear.
• Use a Soft-Bristled Toothbrush: To avoid damaging the already weakened enamel, use a toothbrush with soft bristles.
• Choose a Non-Acidic Toothpaste: Use toothpaste designed for sensitive teeth to help manage pain and discomfort.

4. Dietary Adjustments:

• Limit Acidic Foods and Drinks: Reduce consumption of citrus fruits, tomatoes, soda, and other acidic items.
• Drink Water: Rinse your mouth with water after consuming acidic foods or beverages to help neutralize acids and wash away residue.

Regular dental check-ups are crucial for monitoring the condition of your teeth and receiving professional advice on managing tooth erosion effectively.