Testicular Torsion: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of testicular torsion?

Testicular torsion is a serious condition where the testicle twists on its spermatic cord, cutting off its blood supply. Symptoms typically include:

• Severe Pain: Sudden, intense pain in one testicle, which may be sharp or throbbing.
• Swelling: Noticeable swelling of the affected testicle and scrotum.
• Redness or Warmth: The scrotum may appear red or feel warm to the touch.
• Nausea and Vomiting: Associated nausea and vomiting due to severe pain.
• Abnormal Position: The affected testicle may be positioned higher in the scrotum or appear abnormal compared to the other testicle.
• Tenderness: Severe tenderness in the affected area.
• Decreased or Absence of Pain Relief: Pain does not improve with typical measures like resting or applying ice.

Testicular torsion is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment to restore blood flow and prevent loss of the testicle. If you experience these symptoms, seek emergency medical care right away.

What are the causes of testicular torsion?

Testicular torsion occurs when the testicle twists on its spermatic cord, which can cut off its blood supply. The primary causes and risk factors include:

1. Congenital Factors: A common cause is an anatomical abnormality known as the “bell clapper deformity,” where the testicle is not securely attached within the scrotum. This makes it more prone to twisting.
2. Trauma or Injury: Physical trauma or injury to the testicles, such as from sports or accidents, can lead to torsion.
3. Rapid Growth: In adolescents, rapid testicular growth during puberty can increase the risk of torsion.
4. Physical Activity: Vigorous physical activity or sudden movements can trigger torsion, especially in individuals with anatomical predispositions.
5. Previous Torsion: A history of testicular torsion or a testicle that has previously twisted and resolved can be at higher risk for recurrence.
6. Genetic Factors: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to conditions that increase the risk of torsion.
7. Testicular Malrotation: Abnormal rotation of the testicle within the scrotum can lead to torsion.

While these factors can increase the risk of testicular torsion, it can also occur without an obvious cause. Prompt medical attention is essential to manage testicular torsion effectively and prevent complications.

What is the treatment for testicular torsion?

Testicular torsion is a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment to restore blood flow to the affected testicle and prevent loss. The main treatments include:

1. Surgical Intervention: The primary treatment for testicular torsion is emergency surgery. The procedure involves untwisting the testicle and securing it in place to prevent future torsion. This is typically done through an incision in the scrotum.
2. Orchiopexy: During surgery, the testicle is usually stitched in place to prevent it from twisting again, a procedure known as orchidopexy.
3. Pain Management: Pain relief is provided through medications, such as analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, to manage discomfort associated with the condition.
4. Antibiotics: If there is any sign of infection or if the testicle was exposed to bacteria, antibiotics may be administered to prevent or treat infection.
5. Monitoring and Follow-Up: After surgery, regular follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor recovery and ensure the testicle is healing properly.

Early intervention is crucial. If testicular torsion is not treated within a few hours, the risk of permanent damage or loss of the testicle increases significantly. If you suspect testicular torsion, seek emergency medical care immediately.