RSV in Adults: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What are the symptoms of RSV in adults?

In adults, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) typically causes milder symptoms compared to those seen in infants and young children. Symptoms in adults can include:

• Runny Nose or Nasal Congestion: Nasal congestion and discharge are common early signs.
• Cough: A persistent cough, which may be dry or productive of mucus.
• Sore Throat: Mild throat discomfort or irritation.
• Fever: A low-grade fever or mild fever is possible, though not always present.
• Fatigue: General tiredness or feeling unwell.
• Muscle Pain: Mild muscle aches or body aches can occur.
• Headache: A mild to moderate headache may be experienced.
• Wheezing: Some adults may experience wheezing, but it is less common compared to children.
• Shortness of Breath: In some cases, especially in individuals with preexisting respiratory conditions, RSV can lead to more pronounced respiratory symptoms.

In healthy adults, RSV generally results in symptoms similar to the common cold or mild flu and resolves on its own. However, in older adults, those with chronic respiratory conditions, or individuals with weakened immune systems, RSV can lead to more severe respiratory issues, such as pneumonia or bronchitis.

What are the causes of RSV in adults?

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in adults is caused by the RSV itself, which is a highly contagious virus that primarily infects the respiratory tract. The causes and transmission routes include:

• Direct Contact: RSV spreads through direct contact with respiratory secretions from an infected person, such as through coughing, sneezing, or touching surfaces contaminated with the virus.
• Airborne Droplets: The virus is transmitted via tiny droplets released into the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Inhaling these droplets can lead to infection.
• Contact with Contaminated Surfaces: RSV can survive on surfaces like doorknobs, countertops, and shared objects for several hours. Touching these surfaces and then touching the face (mouth, nose, or eyes) can lead to infection.
• Close Contact: RSV spreads more easily in close-contact settings, such as households, workplaces, and healthcare facilities, where people are in close proximity to each other.

While RSV is more commonly associated with young children and infants, adults can also contract the virus, especially in environments where the virus is circulating. Preventive measures include practicing good hand hygiene, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and cleaning and disinfecting frequently-touched surfaces.

What is the treatment for RSV in adults?

Treatment for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in adults focuses on managing symptoms and providing supportive care, as there is no specific antiviral treatment for RSV. The approach includes:

• Rest and Hydration: Resting and maintaining adequate fluid intake are important to support the body’s recovery and prevent dehydration.
• Symptom Management: Over-the-counter medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can help reduce fever and relieve aches and pains. Decongestants and cough suppressants may also be used to alleviate nasal congestion and coughing, but it’s important to follow dosage instructions and consult a healthcare provider, especially if there are other health conditions.
• Nasal Congestion Relief: Saline nasal sprays or rinses can help reduce nasal congestion and make breathing easier.
• Humidification: Using a humidifier or steam inhalation can help relieve respiratory discomfort and congestion.
• Monitoring: Keep track of symptoms and seek medical attention if they worsen, especially if there are signs of severe respiratory distress, persistent high fever, or difficulty breathing.
• Hospitalization: In cases where RSV leads to severe symptoms or complications, such as pneumonia or bronchitis, hospitalization may be necessary. Treatment in a hospital may involve oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids, and more intensive monitoring and care.

Preventive measures, including good hand hygiene and avoiding close contact with infected individuals, can help reduce the risk of RSV infection. If RSV symptoms are severe or persist, it is important to seek medical advice for appropriate management.